Bachi, R. 1956, A statistical analysis of the revival of Hebrew in Israel. Scripta Hierosolymitana 3, 179-247.

 

Bachman, J. 1964. 'Motivation in a task situation as a function of ability and control over task'. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 69: 272-81.

 

Bachman, L. 1990. Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing. Oxford: OUP.

 

Bachman, L. & Palmer, A. 1985 Basic concerns in language test validation. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.

 

Backus, A. (1996), Two in One: Bilingual Speech of Turkish Immigrants in the Netherlands. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press

 

Backus, A. (2005). Codeswitching and language change: One thing leads to another? International Journal of Bilingualism, 9, 307-340.

 

Backus, A., Nortier, J., & Treffers-Daller, J. (Eds.) (2005). Codeswitching and contact-induced language change. Special issue. International Journal of Bilingualism, 9, 3-4.

 

Bacon, S. (1987), 'Differentiated cognitive style and oral performance', in VanPatten, B., Dvorak, T.R., & Lee, J.F. (eds.) (1987), Foreign Language Learning: A Research Perspective, Newbury House, Rowley MA

 

Bacon, S. (1992), 'The relationship between gender, comprehension, processing strategies, and cognitive and affective response in second-language listening'. Modern Language Journal 76:160-78.

 

Bacon, S. & Finnemann, M. (1992). 'Sex differences in self-reported beliefs about foreign-language learning and authentic oral and written input'. Language Learning 42: 471-95.

 

Baddeley, A., Gathercole, S. & Papagno, C. (1998), 'The phonological loop as a language learning device', Psychological Review, 105, 1, 158-173

 

Baddeley, A.D., Papagno, C. & Vallar, G. (1988). When long-term learning depends on short-term storage. Journal of Memory and Language, 27, 586-595.

 

Baetens Beardsmore, H. (1971): A gender problem in a language contact situation'. Lingua 27: 141-59.

 

Baetens Beardsmore, H. (1981), Elements of Bilingual Theory, Vrije Universiteit Brussels

 

Baetens Beardsmore, H. (1982), Bilingualism: Basic Principles, Multilingual Matters

 

Baetens Beardsmore, H. (1993). An overview of European models of bilingual education. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 6(3), 197—208.

 

Baetens Beardsmore, H. (1993). The European School Experience in Multilingual Education. Brussels: Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Universite Libre de Bruxelles.

 

Baetens Beardsmore, H. (ed.) (1993), European Models of Bilingual Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

 

Baetens Beardsmore, H. & Anselmi, G. (1991). Code-Switching in a Heterogeneous, Unstable, Multilingual Speech Community. In Papers for the Symposium on Code-Switching in Bilingual Studies; Theory, Significance and Perspectives, Strasbourg, European Science Foundation, vol. II, 405-436.

 

Baetens Beardsmore, H. & Kohls, J. (1988). Immediate Pertinence in the Acquisition of Multilingual Proficiency: the European Schools. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 44(2), 240-260.

 

Baetens Beardsmore, H. & LeBrun, N. (1991), Trilingual education in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. In O. Garcia (ed.) Bilingual Education: Focusschrift in Honor of Joshua A. Fishman. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

 

Baetens Beardsmore, H. & Swain, M. (1985), Designing bilingual education: Aspects of immersion and 'European School' models. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development (1), 1-15.

 

Baetens Beardsmore, H. & Van Beeck, H. (1984), Multilingual television supply and language shift in Brussels. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 48, 65-79.

 

Bahns, J. 1981 On acquisitional criteria. International Review of Applied Linguistics 21: 57-68

 

Bahns, J. 1993. Lexical collocations: A contrastive view. ELT Journal 47: (i): 56-63.

 

Bahns, J. & Wode, H. 1980 Form and function in L2 acquisition: the case of do-support in negation. In Felix, S (ed.) Second language development, pp. 81-92. Gunter Narr, Tübingen

 

Bahrick, H.P. (1984), ‘Fifty years of second language attrition: implications for programmatic research’, Modern Language Journal, 68, 105-118

 

Bahrick, H.P. (1984), 'Semantic memory content in permastore: fifty years of memory for Spanish learned in school', J. Exp. Psychol.: General, 113, 1, 1-30

 

Bahrick, H.P. & Phelps, E. (1987), 'Retention of Spanish vocabulary over eight years', J. Exp. Psychol: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 13, 2, 344-349

 

Bailey, C. 1973. Variation and Linguistic Theory. Washington D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics

 

Bailey, C.J.N. (1978), ‘Native accent and learning English as a foreign language’, IRAL, 16, 229-240

 

Bailey, K. 1980 An introspective analysis of an individual's language learning experience. In Krashen, S. & Scarcella, R. (eds.) Research in second language acquisition. Newbury House, Rowley, Mass.

 

Bailey, K. 1983 Competitiveness and anxiety in adult second language learning: looking at and through the diary studies. In Seliger, H. & Long, M. (eds.) Classroom oriented research in second language acquisition, pp.67-103. Newbury House, Rowley, Mass.

 

Bailey, K. 1983 Illustrations of Murphy's Law abound in class­room research on language use. TESOL Newsletter 17: 1, 4-5, 22, 31

 

Bailey, K. 1985. Classroom-centred research on language teaching and learning. In M. Celce-Murcia, ed. Beyond basics: issues and research in TESOL, 96-121. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.

 

Bailey, K. 1991. 'Diary studies of classroom language learning: the doubting game and the be­lieving game' in Sadtano (ed.) 1991.

 

Bailey, K., Long, M. & Peck, S. (eds.) 1983 Second language acquisition studies Newbury House, Rowley, Mass.

 

Bailey, K. & Nunan, D. (1996). Voices from the classroom. Cambridge: CUP.

 

Bailey, L.G. 1975. An observational method in the foreign language class-room: a closer look at interaction analysis. Foreign Language Annals 8:335-344.

 

Bailey, N. 1989. 'Theoretical implications of the acquisition of the English simple past and past progressive: putting together the pieces of the puzzle' in Gass et al. (eds.) 1989b.

 

Bailey, N., Madden, C. & Krashen, S. 1974. Is there a 'natural sequence' in adult second language learning? Language Learning 21(2): 235A3

 

Bailey, P., Onwuegbuzie, A. & Daley, C. E. (2000) Using learning style to predict foreign language achievement at the college level. System 80, 125-133.

 

Bailey, P., Onwuegbuzie, A. & Daley, C. E. (2000), Correlates pof anxiety at three stages of the foreign language learning process, J. Lang & Soc Psych., 19, 4, 474-490

 

Bain, B. (1974), ‘Bilingualism and cognition: towards a general theory’, in Carey, S. (ed.), Bilingualism, biculturalism and education, University of Alberta

 

Bain, B. (1974), ‘Verbal regulation of cognitive processes: a replication of Luria’s procedures with bilingual and unilingual infants’, Child Develop­ment, 47, 543-46

 

Bain, B. & Yu, A. (1980), 'Cognitive consequences of raising children bilingually: 'One parent, one language', Canad. J. Psychol., 34/4, 304-313

 

Bain, B. & Yu, A. (1984), 'The development of the body-percept among working- and middle- class unilinguals and bilinguals', in Paradis & Lebrun (1984)

 

Baker, C. & Hinde J. 1984, Language background classification. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 5 (1), 43-56.

 

Baker, C. (1985), Aspects of Bilingualism in Wales. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

 

Baker, C. (1988), ‘Normative testing and bilingual populations’, J. Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 9, 399-409

 

Baker, C. (1988). Key Issues in Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Clevedon, Avon: Multi­lingual Matters.

 

Baker, C. (1990), The effectiveness of bilingual education. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 11(4), 269-277

 

Baker, C. (1992), Attitudes and Language. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

 

Baker, C. (1993), Bilingual education in Wales. In H. BAETENS BEARDS­MORE (ed.) European Typologies of Bilingual Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters

 

Baker, C. (1993), Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters

 

Baker, C. (1995). A parents' and teachers' guide to bilingualism. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.

 

Baker, C.( 2000), The Care and Education of Young Bilinguals, Clevedon : Multilingual Matters

 

Baker, C. & Hornberger, N. 2001, An Introductory Reader to the Writings of Jim Cummins. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.

 

Baker, K.A. 1987, 'Comment on Willig's 'A Meta Analysis of Selected Studies of Bilingual Education', Review of Educational Research 57 (3), 351-362.

 

Baker, K.A. & de Kanter, A.A. 1981, Effectiveness of Bilingual Education: A Review of Literature. Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Budget & Evaluation, US Department of Education.

 

Baker, K.A. & de Kanter, A.A. 1983, Bilingual Education. Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books.

 

Baker, P. & Eversley, J. (2000). Multilingual Capital, London Battlebridge

 

Balcells, Marta (2000), The Acquisition of English Intonation by Spanish Students Year, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Barcelona. Doctoral dissertations in micro-fiche -3674, Code: 05371, ISBN: 84-475-2310-1

 

Balcom, P. (1995) 'Argument structure and multi-competence', Linguistica Atlantica, 17, 1-17

 

Balcom, P. (1998). Middle verbs and multi-competence. Paper given at the conference Trends/Tendances, Canadian Association of Applied Linguistics, Ottawa, May 1998

 

Balcom, P. (1999) These constructions don’t acquire easily: Middle constructions and multicompetence. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics 2, 5-20.

 

Balcom, P. (2003) Cross-linguistic influence of L2 English on middle constructions in L1 French. In V.J. Cook (ed), L2 Effects on the L1, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters

 

Baldauf, Jr., R. & Luke, A. (Eds.) (1990). Language Planning and Education in Australasia and the South Pacific. Clevedon & Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters.

 

Bàlint, A. (1923). Observations in a case of polyglot aphasia. In M. Paradis (Ed.), Readings on aphasia in bilinguals and polyglots (pp. 169—175). Montreal: Didier. (Original work published in 1923.)

 

Balkan, L. (1970): Les Effets du Bilinguisme Française-Anglais sur les Aptitudes Intellectuelles. Bruxelles: Aimav

Ball, P., Giles, H. & Hewstone, M.. (1984). 'The intergroup theory of second language acquisi­tion with catastrophic dimensions' in Tajfel (ed.) 1984.

 

Bamgbose, A. (1994). Nigeria’s choice. UNESCO Courier, February, 22-31

 

Bamgbose, A. (1998). 'Torn between norms: innovations in world Englishes', World Englishes, 17, 1, 1-14

 

Bamlund, D. C. & Yoshioka, M. (1990), Apologies: Japanese and American styles. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 193-206.

 

Banbrook, L. & P. Skehan. 1990. 'Classroom and display questions' in Brumfit & Mitchell (eds.) 1990

 

Banbrook, L. 1987. 'Questions about questions: an inquiry into the study of teachers' ques­tioning behaviour in ESL classrooms'. TESOL Quarterly 20: 47-59.

 

Bank, H. & Swain, M. (1976): A longitudinal study of bilingual and cognitive development. International Journal of Psychology, II, 251-63.

 

Bannert, R. (1974), 'Problems in learning Swedish pronunciation and in understanding foreign accent', Folia Linguistica, 18, 193-309

 

Bansal, R. (1969). The Intelligibility of Indian English. Hyderabad: Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages.

 

Bansal, R. (1972). The Sound System of Indian English. Monograph 7. Hyderabad: Central Institute of English.

 

Bansal, R. (1983). Studies in Phonetics and Spoken English. Hyderabad:      Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages.

 

Bansal, R. (1990). The pronunciation of English in India. In S. Ramsaran (ed.) Studies in the Pronunciation of English: A Commemorative Volume in Honour of A.C. Gimson, (pp.219-230). New York: Routledge

 

Barasch, R.M. & Vaughan-James, C. (eds) (1994), Beyond the Monitor Model, Boston, MA, Heinle & Heinle

 

Barbara, A. (1989), Marriage Across Frontiers, Clevedon; Multilingual Matters

 

Barbey, L. (1972), 'Les formes du bilinguisme' Nouvelle Revue Pedagogique, 27, 10, 599-604

 

Barcroft, J. (2002). Semantic and structural elaboration in L2 lexical acquisition. Language Learning 52, 323-363. 

 

Barcroft, J. (2004). Theoretical and methodological issues in research on semantic and structural elaboration in lexical acquisition. In B. Van Patten, J. Williams, S. Rott, & M. Overstreet (Eds.), Form-meaning connections in second language acquisition, (pp. 219-234). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

 

Barcroft, J. (2006). Can writing a new word detract from learning it? More negative effects of forced output during vocabulary learning. Second Language Research, 24.

 

Bardovi-Harlig, K. (1987). 'Markedness and salience in second language acquisition'. Language Learning 37: 38S~07.

 

Bardovi-Harlig, K. (1992), ‘The relationship of form and meaning; a cross-sectional study of tense and aspect in the interlanguage of learners of English as a second language’, Applied Psycholinguistics, 13, 253-278

 

Bardovi-Harlig, K. (1995), ‘A narrative perspective on the development of the tense/ aspect system in second language acquisition’, Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 17, 263-291

 

Bardovi-Harlig, K. (1999), 'From morpheme studies to temporal semantic - tense aspect research in SLA', SLR,  21, 341-82

 

Bardovi-Harlig, K. (1999). Exploring the interlanguage of interlanguage pragmatics: A research agenda for acquisitional pragmatics. Language Learning, 49, 677-713.

 

Bardovi-Harlig, K. (2000). Tense and aspect in second language acquisition: Form, meaning, and use. Language Learning, 50, supplement 1, xi-491.

 

Bardovi-Harlig, K. & Bergstrom, A. (1996), ‘Acquisition of tense and aspect in second language and foreign language learning: learner narratives in ESL and EFL’, CMLR, 52, 308-330

 

Bardovi-Harlig, K. & Bofman T. (1989). 'Attainment of syntactic and morphological accuracy' by advanced language learners'. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 11:17-34.

 

Bardovi-Harlig, K. & Hartford, B. (1990). 'Congruence in native and non-native conversations: status balance in the academic advising session'. Language Learning, 40, 467-501

 

Bardovi-Harlig, K. & Hartford, B. (1993), Learning the rules of academic talk: A longitudinal study of pragmatic development. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 15, 279-304.

 

Bardovi-Harlig, K. & Hartford, B.S. (1993) Refining the DCT: Comparing open questionnaires and dialogue completion tasks. Pragmatics and Language Learning 4, 143-165.

 

Bardovi-Harlig, K. & Hartford, B. (1996), Input in an institutional setting. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18

 

Bardovi-Harlig, K., Hartford, B.A.S., Mahan-Taylor, R., Morgan, M.J. & Reynolds, D.W. (1991), Developing pragmatic awareness: Closing the conversation. ELT Journal, 45, 4-15.

 

Bardovi-Harlig, K. & Reynolds, D. (1995), 'The Role of Lexical Aspect in the Acquisition of Tense and Aspect', TESOL Quarterly, 29, 1, 107-31

 

Barkman, Bruce. 1978. Classroom interaction. In P.M. Lightbown & B. Barkman. Interactions among learners, teachers, texts, and methods of English as a second language. Progress Report 1977-78, 71-85. Montreal: Concordia University.

 

Barnes, D. 1969. 'Language in the secondary classroom' in Barnes et al. (eds.)

 

Barnes, D. 1976. From Communication to Curriculum. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

 

Barnes, D., J. Britton, & M. Torbe (eds.). 1969. Language, the Learner and the School. Har­mondsworth: Penguin

 

Barnitz, J.G. (1985), Reading Development of Non-native Speakers of English New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich

 

Barnitz, J. (1986), ‘Orthographies, bilingualism, and learning to read English as a second language’, The Reading Teacher. 35, 560-567

 

Barnitz, J. (1986), ‘Toward understanding the effects of cross-cultural schemata and discourse structure on second language reading comprehension’, Journal of Reading Behaviour, 18, 2, 95-116

 

Baron-Cohen, S. & Staunton, R. (1994), ‘Do children with autism acquire the phonology of their peers? An examination of group identification through the mirror of bilingualism’, First Language, 14, 241-248

 

Barrett, M. & Short, J. (1992), 'Images of European people in a group of 5-10-year-old English school-children', British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 10, 339-363

 

Barron, A.W.J. (1961), 'The English Dental Fricatives in India', Bulletin of the Central Institute of English 1.

 

Barron, A.W.J. (1961). English Vowels for Indian Learners. Bulletin of the Central Institute of English 1.

 

Barry, W.J. (1974). Language background and the perception of foreign accent. Journal of Phonetics 2, 65-89.

 

Barsalou, L., & Medin, D. (1986). Concepts: Fixed definitions or dynamic context-dependent representations? Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive, 6, 187-202.

 

Bartelt, G. (1997), 'The Ethnography of second language production', IRAL 35: 1, 23-35

 

Bartelt, H.G. 1983. Transfer and the variability of rhetorical redundancy in Apachean English interlanguage. In Gass & Selinker (eds.)

 

Basden, B.H., Bonilla-Meeks, J.L. & Badsen, D.D. (1994), 'Cross-language priming in word-fragment completion' Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 69-82

 

Bastarache, M. (1987): Les Droits Linguistiques au Canada. Quebec: Les Editions Yvon Blais, Inc.

 

Batardiere, M-T. (1993), 'Research study on affective and environmental factors of older learners during second lang­uage immersion in Europe', Teanga, 13, 41-53

 

Bates, E. & MacWhinney, B. (1981), 'Second language acquisition from a functionalist perspective', in Winitz, H. (ed.), Native Language and Foreign Language Acquisition, Annals of the NY Academy of Sciences, Vol. 379, 190-214

 

Bates, E. & MacWhinney, B. (1982), 'Functionalist approaches to grammar', in E. Wanner & L. Gleitman (eds.), Language Acquisition: The State of the Art, CUP

 

Bates, E. & MacWhinney, B. (1987). 'Competition, variation and language learning' in Mac­Whinney (ed.) 1987.

 

Bates, E., MacWhinney, B., Caselli, C., Devescovi, A., Natale, F. & Venza, V. (1984): A cross-linguistic study of the development of sentence interpretation strategies. Child Development, 55, 341-54.

 

Bauckam, I. (1995), 'A Vygotskyan perspective on foreign language teaching', Languages Forum, 1, 4

 

Bautista, M. L. S. (1980): The Filipino Bilingual's Competence: A model based on an analysis of Tagalog-English code-switching. Pacific Linguistics, series C-59. Canberra: Australian National University.

 

Bavin, F. & Shopen, T. (1985): Warlpiri and English: Languages in contact. In Clyne, M. (ed.) Australia: Meeting Place of Languages. Pacific Linguistics, series C-92. Canberra: Australian National University.

 

Baxter, J. 1980. The dictionary and vocabulary behavior: A single word or a handful? TESOL Quarterly 14 (3): 325-36

 

Bayley, R. 1991. Variation theory and second language learning: Linguistic and social constraints on interlanguage tense marking. Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford Uni­versity.

 

Bayley, R. 1994. Interlanguage variation and the quantitative paradigm: Past tense marking in Chinese-English. In E. Tarone, S. M. Gass, & A. Cohen (eds), Research methodology in second-language acquisition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 157-181.

 

Bayley, R. 1996, Competing constraints on variation in the speech of adult Chinese learners of English. In Bayley, R. and Preston, D. R. (eds), Second language acquisition and linguistic variation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 97‑120.

 

Bayley, R. & Preston, D. R. (eds) 1996: Second language acquisition and lin­guistic variation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

 

Beaton, A., Gruneberg, M. & Ellis, N. (1995), 'Retention of foreign vocabulary using the keyword method: a ten-year follow-up', Second Language Research 11, 2: 112-120

 

Beauvillain, C. (1992), 'Orthographic and lexical constraints in bilingual word recognition', In: R. Harris (Ed.), Cognitive Processing in Bilinguals. Amsterdam Elsevier:. 221-234

 

Beauvillain, C. & Grainger, J. (1987), 'Accessing interlexical homographs: some limitations of a language-selective access', J. Mem. & Lang., 26, 658-672

 

Bebout, L. (1985), ‘An error analysis of misspellings made by learners of English as a first and as a second language’, J. Psycholing. Res., 14, 569-93

 

Beck, M. (1997), 'Regular verbs, past tense and frequency: tracking down a potential sources of NS/NSS competence differences', SLR, 12, 93-115

 

Beck, M. (1998), ‘L2 acquisition and obligatory head movement: English-speaking learners of German and the local impairment hypothesis’ SSLA, 20, 311-348

 

Beck, M. & Eubank, L. (1991). 'Acquisition theory and experimental design: a critique of Tomasello and Herron'. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 13: 73-6.

 

Becker, A. & Carroll, M. (1997), The Acquisition of Spatial Relations ion in a second lang­uage, Amsterdam: John Benjamins

 

Becker, A., Carroll, M. & Kelly, A. eds. 1988. Final Report to the European Science Foundation. Vol. IV: Reference to space. Strasbourg, Heidelberg

 

Beebe, L. 1974. 'Socially conditioned variation in Bangkok Thai'. PhD dissertation, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

 

Beebe, L. (1977), ‘Dialect codeswitching of bilingual children in their second language', CUNY Forum, 3, 141-58

 

Beebe, L. 1977. 'The influence of the listener on code-switching'. Language Learning 27: 331-40.

 

Beebe, L. (1980). Sociolinguistic variation and style shifting in second language acquisition. In Ioup, G. & Weinberger, S. H. (1987), Interlanguage Phonology. Newbury House.

 

Beebe, L. 1980. 'Sociolinguistic variation and style-shifting in second language acquisition'. Language Learning 30: 433-48

 

Beebe, L. 1980 Measuring the use of communication strategies. In Scarcella, R & Krashen, S (eds.) Research in second language acquisition, pp.173-81. Newbury House, Rowley, Mass.

 

Beebe, L. 1981. 'Social and situational factors affecting the communicative strategy of dialect code-switching'. International Journal of Sociology of Language 32: 139-49.

 

Beebe, L. 1983 Risk-taking and the language learner. In Seliger, H & Long, M (eds.) Classroom-oriented research in second language acquisition, pp.39-66. Newbury House, Rowley, Mass.

 

Beebe, L. 1985. 'Input: Choosing the right stuff' in S. Gass & C. Madden (eds.) Input in second language acquisition, Rowley, Newbury House, 104-44

 

Beebe, L. M. (1987). Myths about interlanguage phonology. In Ioup, G. and Weinberger, S. H. (eds.) Interlanguage phonology: the acquisition of a second language sound system. New York: Newbury House.

 

Beebe, L. (ed.) (1988). Issues in Second Language Acquisition: Multiple Perspectives. New York: Newbury House

 

Beebe, L. 1988. 'Five sociolinguistic approaches to second language acquisition' in Beebe (ed.) 1988.

 

Beebe, L. & Cummings, M.C. (1995) Natural speech act data versus written questionnaire data: How data collection method affects speech act performance. In S. Gass & J. Neu (eds.) Speech Acts Across Cultures. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

 

Beebe, L. & Giles, H. (1984). Speech accommodation theories: a discus­sion in terms of second language acquisition. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 46, 5-32

 

Beebe, L. & Takahashi, T. (1989). ' "Do you have a bag?" Social status and patterned variation in second language acquisition' in Gass, S., Madden, C., Preston, D., & Selinker, L. (eds.). Variation in second language acquisition: Discourse and pragmatics. Clevedon & Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters, 198a, 103-125.

 

Beebe, L. & Takahashi, T. 1989. 'Sociolinguistic variation in face-threatening speech acts' in Eisenstein, M. (ed.). The dynamic interlanguage. New York: Plenum, 199- 218

 

Beebe, L., Takahashi, T. & Uliss-Weltz, R. (1990), Pragmatic transfer in ESL refusals. In: Scarcella, R.C., Andersen, E. & Krashen, S.D. (eds.). Developing communicative competence in a second language. New York: Newbury House, 55-73.

 

Beebe, L. & Zuengler, J. (1983), ‘Accommodation theory: an explanation for style shifting in second language dialects’, In N. Wolfson & E. Judd (eds.) Sociolinguistics and language acquisition, Rowley, Newbury House

 

Beheydt, L. (1987), The semantization of vocabulary in foreign language learning, System, 15, 55-67

 

Bejoint, H. (1981), The foreign student’s use of monolingual English Diction­aries. Applied Linguistics 2: 207-22.

 

Bel, A. (1990). El programa d’immersio: alguns resultats. Escola Catalana, 274, 26‑27.

 

Belasco, S. (1971), 'The feasability of learning a second language in an artificial unicultural situation', in Pimsleur, P. & Quinn, T. (eds.), The Psychology of Second Language Learning, CUP, 1-10

 

Belazi, H.M., Rubin, E.J. & Toribio, A.J. (1994), ‘Code-switching and X-bar theory; the functional head constraint’, Linguistic Inquiry, 25, 2, 221-237

 

Bell, E. (1991), 'The bicultural life experience of career-orientd Black women', Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 11, 459-478

 

Bellezza, F. (1983), 'Mnemonic-device instruction with adults', in Pressley, M. & Levin. J.R. (eds.) Cognitive Strategy Research Springer-Verlag, New York, 51-74

 

Belyayev, B.V. 1963. The Psychology of Teaching Foreign Languages. Oxford: Pergamon

 

Belz, J. (2002) Second language play as representation of the multi-competent self in foreign language study. Journal of Language Identity and Education, 1, 1, 13-39

 

Belz, J. (2002), ‘The myth of the deficient communicator’, Language Teaching Research, 6, 1, 59-82

 

Belz, J., & Kinginger, C. (2002). The cross-linguistic development of address form use in telecollaborative language learning: Two case studies. Canadian Modern Language Review, 59, 189-214.

 

Belz, J., & Kinginger, C. (2003). Discourse options and the development of pragmatic competence by classroom learners of German: The case of address forms. Language Learning, 53, 591-647.

 

Benardete, D. (1929/20). Immigrant speech – Austrain Jewish style, American Speech, 5. 1-15

 

Ben-Dror, I., Frost, R. & Bentin, S. (1995), 'Orthographic representation and phonemic segmentation in skilled readers: a cross-language comparison', Psychological Sciences, 6, 176-181

 

Ben-Rafael, M. (2004). Language contact and attrition: The spoken French of Israeli Francophones. In M. Schmid, B. Köpke, M. Keijzer, & L. Weilemar (Eds.), First language attrition: Interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues (pp. 165-187). Amsterdam: Benjamins.

 

Ben Zeev, S. (1977), ‘Mechanisms by which childhood bilingualism affects understanding of language and cognitive structure’, in Hornby (ed.), 29-55

 

Ben Zeev, S. (1977), 'The influence of bilingualism on cognitive strategies and cognitive development', Child Development, 48, 1009-18

 

Benderly, B. (1981), ‘The multilingual mind’, Psychology Today, March, 9-12

 

Beniak, F., Mougeon, R. & Canale, M. (1979): Complements infinitifs des verbs de mouvement en français ontarien. Linguistische Berichte, 64, 36-49.

 

Beniak, F., Mougeon, R. & Valois, D. (1984/5): Sociolinguistic evidence of a possible case of syntactic convergence in Ontarian French. Journal of the Atlantic Provinces Linguistics Association, 6/7: 73-88.

 

Bennett, S. (1994), ‘The acquisition of English reflexives by adolescent speakers of Serbo-Croatian’, Second Language Research, 10, 125-156

 

Bennett, S. & Progovac, L. (1998) ‘Morphological status of reflexives in second language acquisition’, in Flynn, S., Martohardjono, G. & O’Neil, W. (eds) The Generative Study of Second Language Acquisition, Erlbaum, 187-214

 

Benson, B. (1986) The Markedness Differential Hypothesis: implications for Vietnamese speakers of English. In Eckman, F.R., Moravcsik, E.A. & Wirth, J.R. (eds.) Markedness. New York: Plenum Press. 271-290.

 

Benson, B. (1988). Universal preference for the open syllable as an independent process in interlanguage phonology. Language Learning 38, 221-242.

 

Bensoussan, M. (1992), Learners’ spontaneous translations in an L1 reading comprehension task: vocabulary knowledge and use of schemata. In P. Arnaud & H. Bejoint (Eds.) Vocabulary and Applied Linguistics. London: Macmillan

 

Bensoussan, M. & Laufer, B. 1984. Lexical guessing in context in EFL reading comprehension. Journal of Research in Reading, 7, 1, 15-32.

 

Bensoussan, M., D. Sim & R. Weiss. 1984. The effect of dictionary usage on EFL test performance. Reading in a Foreign Language: 262-76

 

Bent, T & Bradlow, A.R. (2003), ‘The interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit’, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 114, 3, 1600-1610

 

Bentahila, A. (198X), Language Attitudes among Arabic-French Bilinguals in Morocco, Multilingual Matters

 

Bentahila, A. & Davies, E. E. (1991) Constraints on code-switching: a look beyond grammar. In Papers for the symposium on code-switching in bilingual studies: theory, significance and perspectives. (Held in Barcelona, 21-23 March 1991.) Strasbourg: European Science Foundation, 369~03.

 

Bentahila, A. & Davies, E.E. (1983): The syntax of Arabic-French code-switching. Lingua, 59, 301-30

 

Bentahila, A. & Davies, E.E. (1992), ‘Code-switching and language dominance’, in Harris (ed.)

 

Benton, R.A., 1991, 'Tomorrow's schools' and the revitalisation of Maori. In O. Garcia (ed.) Bilingual Education: Focusschrift in Honor of Joshua A. Fishman. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

 

Benyon, J. & Toohey, K. 1991, Heritage language education in British Columbia: Policy and programs. Canadian Modern Language Review 47 (4), 606-616.

 

Berent, G.P. (1983), ‘Control judgments by deaf adults and second language learners’, Language Learning, 33, 37-53

 

Beretta, A. 1991. 'Theory construction in SLA: complementarity and opposition'. Studies in Se­cond Language Acquisition 13, 3 493-511.

 

Beretta, A. 1993.' "As God said, and I think, rightly..." Perspectives on theory construction in SLA: an introduction'. Applied Linguistics 14: 221-24

 

Beretta, A. & Crookes, G. (1993), 'Cognitive and social determinants of discovery in SLA', Applied Linguistics, 14, 3, 250-275

 

Beretta, A. & Davies, A. 1985. 'Evaluation of the Bangalore Project'. English Language Teaching Journal 39:121-7.

 

Bergh, G. (1989), 'Bilingual lateralisation: a methodological evaluation', Investigaciones psicologicas, 7, 79-93

 

Bergman, C. R. (1976), 'Interference v. independent development in infant bilingualism', In Keller, C., Taeschner, R. & Viera, S. (eds.), pp.86-95.

 

Bergman, M.L., & Kasper, G. 1993, Perception and performance in native and non-native apologising. In: Kasper, G., & Blum-Kulka, S. (eds.). Interlanguage pragmatics. New York: OUP, 82-107

 

Berkemeyer, A. (1996), Kognitive Prozeesse beim Zeitschrifterwerb: Zweialpabetisierumg greichisch-deutsch-bilingualer Kinder im Deutschen. Frankfurt: Peter Lang

 

Berko-Gleason, J. (1982), 'Insights from child language acquisition for second language loss', in Lambert, R.D. & Freed, B.F. (eds.), The loss of language skills, Newbury House, Rowley, Mass.13-23

 

Berkovits, R. (1980), ' Perception of intonation in native and non-native speakers of English', Language and Speech, 23, 3, 271-280

 

Berliner, D.C. 1988, Meta-comments: A discussion of critiques of L.M. Dunn's monograph 'Bilingual Hispanic Children on the US Mainland'. Hispanic Journal of Behavioural Sciences 10(3), 273-300.

 

Berman, P. et al. (1992). Meeting The Challenge of Language Diversity (Volume II, Findings and Conclusions). Berkeley: BW Associates, 1-223.

 

Berman, R. 1987 Cognitive principles and language acquisition. In Pfaff; C (ed.) First and second language acquisition processes, pp.3-27. Newbury House, Cambridge, Mass.

 

Berman, R. (1999), 'Bilinguals proficiency/proficient bilingualism: insights from narrative texts', in G. Extra & L. Verhoeven (eds.), Bilingualism and Migration, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 187-208

 

Berman, R. & Olshtain, E. (1983), ‘Features of first language transfer in second language attrition’, Applied Linguistics, 4, 222-234

 

Berman, R. & Slobin, D. (1994). Relating events in narra­tive: A crosslinguistic developmental study. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum

 

Bernhardt, E.B. (1986), 'Three approcahes to reading comprehension in intermediate German', MLJ, 67, 111-115

 

Bernhardt, E.B. (1986), ‘Cognitive processes in L2: an examination of reading behaviours’, in Lantolf, J. & Labarca, A. (eds), Research on second language acquisition in classroom settings, Norwood, Ablex

 

Bernhardt, E.B. (1986), ‘Reading in the foreign language’, in H.H. Wing (ed.), Listening, Reading, and Writing; Analysis and Applications, Middlebury, NorthEast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages

 

Bernhardt, E.B. (1991), Reading development in a second language, Norwood, NJ

 

Bernhardt, E. (  1992), Life in Language Immersion classrooms, Multilingual Matters

 

Bernhardt, E. (2003) Challenges to reading research from a multilingual world. Reading Research Quarterly 38 (1) 112-117.

 

Bernhardt, E., & Kamil, M. (1995) Interpreting relationships between L1 and L2 reading: Consolidating the linguistic threshold and the linguistic interdependence hypotheses. Applied Linguistics 16 (1), 15-34.

 

Berry, D. (1994). Vocabulary acquisition: Implicit and explicit learning of com­plex tasks. In N. Ellis (Ed.), Implicit and explicit learning of languages (pp. 147—164). London: Academic.

 

Berry, J.W. (1998), ‘Official multiculturalism’, in Edwards, J. (ed.), Language in Canada, CUP, 84-101

 

Berry, J.W., Poortinga, Y.H., Segall, M.H., & Dasen, P.R. (1992), Cross-cultural Psychology: Research and Applications, CUP

 

Bersudsky, Y., J. Fine, et al. (2005). "Schizophrenia and second language acquisition." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 29(4): 535-542.

 

Berthier, M.L., Starkstein, S.E., Lylyk, P. & Leiguarda, R. (1990), ‘Differential recovery of languages in a bilingual patient: a case study using selective amytal test’, Brain and Language, 38, 449-453

 

Berthoz-Proux, M. (1976), ‘L’enfant de travailleur migrant à l’école française’, Langue française, 29, 116-26

 

Berwick, R. 1990. Task Variation and Repair in English as a Foreign Language. Kobe University of Commerce: Institute of Economic Research.

 

Berwick, R. & S. Ross. 1989. 'Motivation after matriculation: are Japanese learners of English still alive after examination hell'. JALT 11:193-210.

 

Besner, D. & Hildebrandt, N. (1987), ‘Orthographic and phonological codes in the oral reading of Japanese’, J. Exp. Psychol: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 13, 335-343

 

Best, C. 1994. Emergence of native-language influences in infants. In: Goodman, J, & Nusbaum, H. (eds.), The Development of Speech Perception: The transition from speech sounds to spoken words.. Cambridege, Massachusetts: The MIT Press

 

Best, C. 1995. A direct realist view of cross-language speech perception. In: Strange, W. (ed). Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience.. Baltimore: York Press.

 

Best, C., Faber, A. & Levitt, A. 1996. Perceptual assimilation of non-native vowel contrasts to the American English vowel system. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 99, 2602A

 

Best, C., McRoberts, G. & Sithole, N. (1988), ‘Examination of perceptual reorganisation for non-native speech contrasts: Zulu click discrimination by English-speaking adults’, J. Exp. Psych.: Human Perceptual Performance, 14, 345-360

 

Best, C., McRoberts, G. & Sithole, N. (2001), 'Discrimination of non-native consonant constrasts varying in perceptual assimilation to the listener's native phonological system', J. Acoustical Society of America, 109, 2, 775-794

 

Best, C., McRoberts, G., & Goodell, E. (2001). Discrimination of non-native consonant contrasts varying in perceptual assimilation to the listener’s native system. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 109, 775-794.

 

Betteraij, M. van, Kellerman, E. & Schils. E. 1996. Self-disclosure and safe topics of conversation: a cross-cultural appraisal. In E. Kellerman, B. Weltens & T. Bongaerts (Eds.), Papers from EUROSLA 6. Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 55.

 

Bettoni, C. (1981): Italian in North Queensland. Changes in the Speech of First and Second Generation Bilinguals. Townsville: James Cook University.

 

Bever, T. 1970 The cognitive basis for linguistic structures. In Hayes, J (ed.) Cognition and the growth of language, pp.279-352. John Wiley, New York

 

Bever, T. and Montalbetti, M. (2002), ‘Chomsky’s Ark’, Science, 298, 1565-1566

 

Bhardwaj, M. 1986. 'Reference to space by a Punjabi acquirer of English'. Nijmegen: ESF Work­ing paper.

 

Bhardwaj, M. 1988. Longitudinal studies of target language English. Final report to the Eu­ropean Science Foundation, Vol. V: Temporality ed. by M. Bhardwaj, R. Dietrich & C. Noyau, 30-86. Strasbourg.

 

Bhardwaj, M., R. Dietrich, & C. Noyau. 1988. 'Second language acquisition by adult immig­rants: temporality'. Final Report Volume 5. Strasbourg, France: European Science Foundation.

 

Bhatia, T., & Ritchie, W. (Eds.) (2004). The handbook of bilingualism. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

 

Bialystok, E. (1978), 'A theoretical model of second language learning'. Language Learning 28: 69-84.

 

Bialystok, E. (1979), 'Explicit and implicit judgements of L2 grammaticality'. Language Learning 29: 81-104.

 

Bialystok, E. 1981. 'The role of linguistic knowledge in second language use'. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 4: 31~5.

 

Bialystok, E. (1981), Some evidence for the integrity and interaction of two knowledge sources In Andersen, R (ed.) New dimensions in second language acquisition research, pp.62-74. Newbury House, Rowley, Mass.

 

Bialystok, E. (1981), 'The role of conscious strategies in second language proficiency'. Modern Language Journal 65: 24-35.

 

Bialystok, E. (1982), On the relationship between knowing and using linguistic forms. Applied Linguistics 3 (3): 181-206

 

Bialystok, E. (1983), 'Some factors in the selection and implementation of communication strategies', in Faerch, C., & Kasper, G. (ed.) (1983), Strategies in Interlanguage Communication, London, Longman

 

Bialystok, E. 1983. 'Inferencing: testing the "hypothesis-testing" hypothesis' in Seliger & Long (eds.) 1983.

 

Bialystok, E. (1985), 'The compatibility of teaching and learning strategies'. Applied Linguistics 6: 155-262.

 

Bialystok, E. (1986), 'Factors in the growth of linguistic awareness', Child Development, 37, 498-510

 

Bialystok, E. (1986). Children’s concept of word. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 15, 13-22

 

Bialystok, E. (1987), 'Influences of bilingualism on metalinguistic development', Second Language Research, 3, 2, 154-166

 

Bialystok, E. (1987): Words as things. Development of word concept by bilingual children. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 9, 133-40.

 

Bialystok, E. (1988), Levels of bilingualism and levels of linguistic awareness. Devel­opmental Psychology 24 (4), 560-567.

 

Bialystok, E. (1990), Communication Strategies: A Psychological Analysis of Second-Language Use. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

 

Bialystok, E. (1990), 'The competence of processing: classifying theories of second language acquisition'. TESOL Quarterly 24: 635~8.

 

Bialystok, E. (1991), 'Achieving proficiency in a second language: a processing description' in Phillipson et al. (eds.) 1991.

 

Bialystok, E. (1991). Metalinguistic dimensions of bilingual language proficiency. In E. Bialystok (Ed.), Language processing in bilingual children (pp. 113-140). London: CUP

 

Bialystok, E. (1992), ‘Selective attention in cognitive processing. in Harris, R. (ed.), 501-513

 

Bialystok, E. (1993), Symbolic representation and attentional control in pragmatic competence. In: Kasper, G., & Blum-Kulka, S. (eds.). Interlanguage pragmatics. New York: OUP, 43-59.

 

Bialystok E. (ed.) (1993), Language Processing in Bilingual Children. Cambridge: CUP

 

Bialystok, E. (1993). Metalinguistic dimensions of bilingual language proficiency. In E. Bialystok (ed.), Language Processing in Bilingual Children. Cambridge: CUP, 113-140

 

Bialystok, E. (1994), ‘Analysis and control in the development of second language proficiency,’ Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 157-168

 

Bialystok, E. (1994). Representation and ways of knowing: Three issues in second language acquisition. In N. Ellis (Ed.), Implicit and explicit learning of languages (pp. 549—569). London: Academic Press.

 

Bialystok, E. (1997). Effects of bilingualism and biliteracy on children’s emerging concepts of print. Developmental Psychology, 33, 429-440

 

Bialystok, E. (1997). 'The structure of age: in search of barriers to second language acquisition ', Second Language Research, 13, 116-137

 

Bialystok, E. (1998). Beyond binary options: Effects of two languages on the bilingual mind. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia, 33, 47-60

 

Bialystok, E. (1999). Cognitive complexity and attentional control in the bilingual mind. Child Development, 70, 636-644

 

Bialystok, E. (2001), Bilingualism in Development. Cambridge: CUP

 

Bialystok, E. & Codd, J. (1997). Cardinal limits: Evidence from language awareness and bilingualism for developing concepts of number. Cognitive Development, 12, 85-106.

 

 

Bialystok, E., Craik, F.I.M., Klein, R. & Viswanathan, M. (2004), ‘Bilingualism, aging and cognitive control: evidence from the Simon task’, Psychology and Aging, 19, 2, 290-303

 

Bialystok, E. & Fröhlich, M 1977 Aspects of second language learning in classroom settings. Working Papers on Bilingualism 13:1-26

 

Bialystok, E. & Fröhlich, M. 1978. 'Variables of classroom achievement in second language learning'. Modern Language Journal 62: 327-36.

 

Bialystok, E., Fröhlich, M. & Howard, J. 1978. 'The teaching and learning of French as a second language in two distinct learning settings'. Project report. Toronto: Modern Language Centre, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.

 

Bailystok, E. & Hakuta, K. (1999), 'Confounded age; linguistic and cognitive factiors for second language acquisition', in Birdsong (1999), 161-181

 

Bialystok, E. & Kellerman, E. 1987. Language strategies in the classroom. In Das, B. K. (ed.) Communication and Learning in the Classroom Community. Regional Language Centre, Singapore.

 

Bialystok, E. & Majumdar, S. (1998), 'The relationship between bilingualism and the development of cognitive processes in problem solving', Applied Psycholinguistics, 19, 69-85

 

Bialystok, E., Majumdar, S. & Martin, M. (2003), 'Developing phonological awareness: is there a bilingual advantage?', Applied Pyscholinguistics, 24, 27-44

 

Bialystok, E. & Ryan, E. 1985. 'A metacognitive framework for the development of first and second language skills' in Forrest-Pressley, D.L., Mackinn, G.E., & Walker, T.G. (eds.), Metacognition, Cognition, and Human Performance. New York, Academic Press

 

Bialystok, E. & Ryan, E. (1985), 'Toward a definition of metalinguistic skill', Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 31, 3, 229-249

 

Bialystok, E. & Sharwood Smith, M. 1985. Interlanguage is not a state of mind: an evaluation of the construct for second language acquisition. Applied Linguistics 6: 101-7.

 

Bialystok, E., Shenfield, T. & Codd, J. (2000). Languages, scripts, and the environment: Factors in developing concepts of print. Developmental Psychology, 36, 66-76

 

Bibeau, G. (1984), 'No easy road to bilingualim', Language and Society Special Issue, 12, 44-47

 

Bickerton, D. 1975. Dynamics of a Creole System. Cambridge: CUP.

 

Bickerton, D. 1977 Change and variation in Hawaiian English, Vol.2: Social Sciences and Linguistic Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu

 

Bickerton, D. 1979 Beginnings. In Hill, K (ed.) The genesis of language, pp.1‑22, Karoma, Ann Arbor

 

Bickerton, D. 1981 Roots of language. Karoma, Ann Arbor

 

Bickerton, D. 1981. 'Discussion of "Two perspectives on pidginization as second language ac­quisition" 'in Andersen (ed.) 1981.

 

Bickerton, D. 1983 Comments on Valdman's 'Creolization and second language acquisition.' In Andersen, R (ed.) Pidginisation and Creolization as language acquisition, pp. 235~0. Newbury House, Rowley, Mass.

 

Bickerton, D. (1984), 'The language bioprogram hypothesis and second language acquisition', in Rutherford, W.E. (ed.), Language Universals and Second Language Acquisition, John Benjamins, Amsterdam

 

Bickerton, D. 1984 The language bioprogram hypothesis. The Behavioural and Brain Sciences 7: 173-88

 

Bickerton, D. 1986 Pidgin and creole studies. Annual Review of Anthropology 5:169-93

 

Bickerton, D. & Givon, T.. 1976. 'Pidginization and syntactic change: from SXV and VSX to SVX' in Stever et al. (eds). 1976.

 

Bickerton, D & Odo, C 1976 Change and variation in Hawaiian English, Vol.1: General Phonology and pidgin syntax. Social Science and Linguistics Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu

 

Biddle, B.J. 1967. Methods and concepts in classroom research. Review of Educational Research 37:337-357.

 

Biederman, I. & Tsao, I. (1979), ‘On processing Chinese ideographs and English words: some implications from Stroop-test results’, Cognitive Psychology, 2, 125-132

 

Bigelow, M. and Tarone, E. (2004), ‘The role of literacy level in second language acquisition: doesn’t who we study determine what we know?’, TESOL Quarterly, 38, 4 689-700

 

Bijeljac-Babic, R., Biardeau, A. & Grainger, J. (1995), 'Masked orthographic priming in bilingual word recognition', Memory and Cognition, 25, 447-457

 

Billiez, J. & Merabti, N. (1991) Communication familiale et entre pairs: varia­tions du comportement langagier d’adolescents bilingues. Plurilinguismes, 1: 3~52.

 

Billmeyer, K. 1990.' "I really like your lifestyle": ESL learners learning how to compliment'. Penn Working Papers in Educational Linguistics 6: 31~8.

 

Binder, J.R., Swanson, S.J., Hammeke, T.A., Morris, G.L, Mueller, W.M., Fischer, M., Benbadid, S., Frost, J.A., Rao, S.M. & Haughton, V.M. (1996), 'Determination of language dominance using functional MRI: a comparison with the WADA test', Neurology, 46, 978-984

 

Bingaman, J. 1990. 'On the English Proficiency Act' in Adams & Brinks (eds.) 1990.

 

Birdsong, D. 1989. Metalinguistic Performance and Interlanguage Competence. New York: Springer.

 

Birdsong, D. 1992. 'Ultimate attainment in second language acquisition'. Language 68: 706-5 5.

 

Birdsong, D. 1994, ‘Asymmetrical knowledge of ungrammaticality in SLA theory’, SSLA, 16, 463-473

 

Biskup, D. (1992). L1 influence on learners’ renderings of English collocations: A Polish/German empirical study. In P. Arnaud & H. Bejoint (eds.), Vocabulary and applied linguistics, pp. 85-93. London: Macmillan.

 

Birdsong, D. (ed.) (1999), Second language acquisition and the critical period hypotthesis, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum

 

Birdsong, D. & Kassen, M. (1988), 'Teachers and students evaluations of foreign language errors: A meeting of minds?' Modern Language Journal, 72 (1), 1-12

 

Black, A., A. Herbert, M. Kijebard, R. Hyman, & F. Smith. 1966. The Language of the Class­room. New York: Teachers College Press.

 

Black, S (1995), 'Bilingual education: metling pot or salad bowl?' Educational Digest, 60, 7, 53-56

 

Blackwell, A. & Broeder, P. (1992) ‘Interference and Facilitation in SLA: A Connectionist Perspective’, Seminar on PDP and NLP, San Diego, UCSD, May. Reported in Broeder & Plunkett (1994)

 

Blair, D., & Harris, R.J. (1981), 'A test of interlingual interaction in comprehension by bilinguals', J. Psycholing. Res, 10, 4, 457-467

 

Blanc, H., le M. Douaron, & D. Véronique (eds.) (1987), S'approprier une langue étrangère, 196-210. Paris: Didier-Erudition.

 

Blank, M. (1980) Measuring lexical access during sentence processing. Perception and Psychophysics, 28:1-8.

 

Blank, M., Gessner, M., & Esposito, A. 1979 Language without communication: a case study. Child Language 6 (2): 329-52

 

Blatchford, C. & Schachter, J.(eds.). 1978. On TESOL '78: EFL Policies, Programs, Practices. Washington D.C.: TESOL.

 

Blau, E. 1982. 'The effect of syntax on readability for ESL students in Puerto Rico'. TESOL Quarterly 16: 517-28.

 

Blau, E.K. 1982. The effect of syntax on readability for ESL students in Puerto Rico. TESOL Quarterly 16:517-528.

 

Blau, E. 1990. The effect of syntax, speed, and pauses on lisetning comprehension. TESOL Quarterly, 24(4), 746-753

 

Bley-Vroman, R. 1983 The comparative fallacy in interlanguage studies: the case of systematicity. Language Learning 33:1-17

 

Bley-Vroman, R. 1986 Hypothesis testing in second language acquisition. Language Learning 36: 353-76

 

Bley-Vroman, R. 1988 The fundamental character of foreign language learning. In Rutherford, W. & Sharwood-Smith, M. (eds.) Grammar and second language teaching: a book of readings, pp. 19-30. Newbury House/Harper & Row, New York

 

Bley-Vroman, R. (1989), 'The logical problem of second language learning', in S. Gass & J. Schachter (eds.), Linguistic Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition, CUP, 41-68

 

Bley-Vroman, R. & Chaudron, C. 1990. 'Second language processing of subordinate clauses and anaphora-first language and universal influences: a review of Flynn's research'. Language Learning 40: 245-85.

 

Bley-Vroman, R.W., Felix, S. & Ioup, G.L. (1988), 'The accessibility of Universal Grammar in adult language learning', Second Language Research, 4 (1), 1-32

 

Block, D. 1996: Not so fast: some thoughts on theory culling, relativism, accepted findings and the heart and soul of SLA. Applied Linguistics 17, 1, 63-83.

 

Block, D. (2003) The Social Turn in Second Language Acquisition. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

 

Block, D. (2006) Multilingual Identities in a Global City: London Stories. London: Palgrave.

 

Block, D. (2007) Second Language Identities. London: Continuum.

 

 

Block, E. (1986), ‘The comprehension strategies of second language readers’, TESOL Quarterly, 20, 3, 463-494

 

Block, E. (1992), ‘See how they read: comprehension monitoring of L1 and L2 readers’, TESOL Quarterly, 26, 2, 319-342

 

Blom, I-P. & Gumperz, J. J. (1972) Social meaning in linguistic structures: code-switching in Norway. In J.J Gumperz & D. Hymes eds., Directions in Sociolinguistics. The ethnography of communication. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 407-34.

 

Bloom, D.E. & Grenier, G. (1992), "Earnings of the French Minority in Canada and the Spanish Minority in the United States", in B.R. Chiswick (ed.) Immigration, Language, and Ethnicity: Canada and the United States. Washington, D.C.: The AEI Press

 

Bloom, K.C. & Schuell, T.J. (1981), 'Effects of massed and distributed practice on the learning and retention of second language vocabulary', Journal of Educational Research, 74, 4, 245-248

 

Blum, S. & Levenston, E. (1978). Universals of lexical simplification. Language Learning, 28(2), 399—415

 

Blum, S. & Levenston E. (1978), 'Lexical simplification in second language acquisition', Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2, 2, 43-64

 

Blum-Kulka, S. (1981), 'Learning to use words: acquiring semantic competence in a second language', in: M. Nahir (ed) Hebrew Teaching and Applied Linguistics. University Press of America

 

Blum-Kulka, S. 1987 Indirectness and politeness in requests: Same or different? Journal of Pragmatics, 11, 1987, 131-146.

 

Blum-Kulka, S. 1991. 'Interlanguage pragmatics: The case of requests' in . In: Phillipson, R., Kellerman, E., Selinker, L., Sharwood Smith, M., & Swain, M. (eds.). Foreign and second language pedagogy research. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1991, 255-272.

 

Beebe, L. & Cummings, M.C. (1995) Natural speech act data versus written questionnaire data: How data collection method affects speech act performance. In S. Gass & J. Neu (eds.) Speech Acts Across Cultures. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

 

Blum-Kulka, S. (1982) Learning how to say what you mean in a second language: A study of the speech act performance of learners of Hebrew as a second language. Applied Linguistics 3, 29-59.

 

Blum-Kulka, S. (1990) You don't touch lettuce with your fingers: Parental politeness in family discourse. Journal of Pragmatics 14, 259-89. 

 

Blum-Kulka, S. (1991) Interlanguage pragmatics: the case of requests. In R. Phillipson, E. Kellerman, L. Selinker, M. Sharwood Smith & M. Swain (eds) Foreign/Second Language Pedagogy Research (pp. 255-272). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

 

Blum-Kulka, S. & House, J. 1989, Cross-cultural and situational variation in requestive behavior. In: Blum-Kulka, S., House, J., & Kasper, G. (eds.). Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 123-154.

 

Blum-Kulka, S., House, J. & Kasper, G. (eds.). 1989 Cross-cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies. Norwood, NJ.: Ablex.

 

Blum-Kulka, S., House, J. & Kasper, G. 1989. 'Investigating cross-cultural pragmatics: an in­troductory overview' in S. Blum-Kulka et al. (eds.) 1989a.

 

Blum-Kulka, S. & Levenston, E. (1983), Universals of lexical simplification. In C. Faerch and G. Kasper (Eds.) Strategies in Interlanguage Communica­tion. London: Longman.

 

Blum-Kulka, S. & Levenston, E. (1987), ‘Lexical-Grammatical Pragmatic Indicators’. Studies in Second Lan­guage Acquisition 15 5-69

 

Blum-Kulka, S. & Olshtain, E. (eds) 1984 Pragmatics and second language learning. Applied Linguistics 5 (3), Special Issue

 

Blum-Kulka, S. & Olshtain, E 1984 Requests and apologies: a cross-cultural study of speech act realisation patterns. Applied Linguistics 5 (3): 196-213

 

Blum-Kulka, S. & Olshtain, E. 1986 Too many words: length of utterance and pragmatic failure. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 8: 165-79

 

Blum-Kulka, S. & Sheffer, H. 1993. The metapragmatic discourse of American-Israeli families at dinner. In Kasper, G. & Blum-Kulka, S. (eds.). Interlanguage Pragmatics. Oxford: OUP, 196-223.

 

Blyth, C. (1995), 'Redefining the boundaries of language use: the foreign language classroom as a multilingual speech community', in C. Kramsch (ed.), Redefining the Boundaries of Language Study, Boston: Heinle & Heinle, 145-183

 

Bodman, J. & M. Eisenstein. 1988. 'May God increase your bounty: the expression of grati­tude in English by native and non-native speakers'. Cross Currents 15:1-21.

 

Boeschoten, H. (1990) Asymmetrical code-switching in immigrant communities. In Papers for the workshop on constraints, conditions and models. (Held in London, 27-29 September 1990.) Strasbourg: European Science Foundation, 85-100.

 

Boeschoten, R. & Verhoeven, L. (1987) Language mixing in children's speech: Dutch language use in Turkish discourse. Language Learning, 37 (2): 191-215.

 

Bogaards, P. (1991), Dictionnaires pedagogiques et apprentissage du vocabulaire. Cahiers de Lexicologie 59: 93-107.

 

Bogen, J. & J. Woodward. 1988. 'Saving the phenomena'. Philosophical Review 97: 303-52. Cited in Gregg 1993.

 

Bohn, O. 1986. 'Formulas, frame structures, and stereotypes in early syntactic development: some new evidence from L2 acquisition'. Linguistics 24:185-202.

 

Bohn, O.-S. & Flege, J. E. (1990). Interlingual identification and the role of foreign language experience in L2 vowel perception. Applied Psycholinguistics 11, 303-328.

 

Bohn, O. & Flege, J.E. 1990 "Perception and production of a new vowel category by adult second language learners", in: Leather & James (eds.), 37-56.

 

Bohn, O. & Flege, J. 1992. 'The production of new and similar vowels by adult German learners of English'. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 14:131-58

 

Bokamba, E. (1988), ‘Code mixing, language variation and linguistic theory; evidence from Bantu languages’, Lingua, 76, 21-62

 

Bokamba, E. (1989), ‘Are there syntactic constraints on code-mixing?’ in Bhatia, T. & Ritchie, W. (eds.), Code mixing: English across languages, New York, Pergamon, 277-292

 

Bolander, M. (1988), ''Is there any order? On word order in Swedish learner language', JMMD, 9, 97-113

 

Bolte, H. & Herrlitz, W. (eds.). 1985. Kommunikation im Sprachunterricht. Utrecht: Instituut 'Franzen', University of Utrecht.

 

Bond, M.H. (1983), 'How language variation affects inter-cultural differentiation of vakues by Hong Kong bilinguals', Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 2, 57-66

 

Bond, Z.S., Eddey, J.E., & Bermejo, J.J. (1980), 'VOT del Espanol to English: comparison of a language-disordered and normal child', J. Phon., 8, 287-291

 

Bongaerts, T. (1983), 'The comprehension of three complex English structures by Dutch learners', Language Learning, XXXIII, 2

 

Bongaerts, T., Kellerman, E. & Bentlage, A. (1987), 'Perspective and Proficiency in L2 Referential Communication'. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 171-99

 

Bongaerts, T., Mennen, S. & Van der Slik, F. (2000), 'Authenticity of pronunciation in a naturalistic second language acquisition: the case of very advanced late learners of Dutch as a second language', Studia Linguistica, 54 (2), 298-308

 

Bongaerts, T., Planken, B., & Schils, E. (1995). Can late starters attain a native accent in a foreign language? A test of the Critical Period Hypothesis'. In D. Singleton & Z. Lengyel, The Age Factor in Second Language Acquisition. Clevedon Multilingual Matters.

 

Bongaerts, T, Planken, B. & Schils, E. (1997), ‘Age and ultimate attainment in the pronunciation of a foreign language’, SLR, 19, 447-465

 

Bongaerts, T. & Poulisse, N. (1989), 'Communicative strategies in L1 and L2 ; same or different?', Applied Linguistics, 10, 253 - 268

 

Bongaerts, T., van Summeren, C. Planken, B. & Schils, E (1997), 'Age and ultimate attainment in the pronunciation of a foreign language', SSLA, 19, 447-465

 

Bongartz, C. (2002). Noun combination in interlanguage: Typology effects in complex determiner phrases. Tübingen, Germany: Niemeyer.

 

Bonikowska, M. 1988. 'The choice of opting out'. Applied Linguistics 9:169-81.

 

Born, W. (ed.). 1979. The Foreign Language Learner in Today's Classroom Environment. Montpelier, Vermont: Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages.

 

Borod, J., Koff, E., Perlman, M. & Nicholas, M. (1985), ‘Channels of emotional expression in patients with unilateral brain damage’, Archives of Neurology, 42, 345-348

 

Boroditsky, L., Schmidt, L., & Phillips, W. (2003). Sex, syntax, and semantics. In D. Gentner & S. Goldin-Meadow (Eds.), Language in mind: Advances in the study of language and thought (pp. 61-79). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

 

Bosch, L. & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (1997), 'Native-language recognition abilities in four-month old infants from monolingual and bilingual environments', Cognition, 65, 33-69

 

Bosco, F.J. & Di Pietro, R. (1970), ‘Instructional strategies: their psychological and linguistic bases’, IRAL, 8, 1-19

 

Bossers, B. (1991) On thresholds, ceilings and short-circuits: the relation between L1 reading, L2 reading and L2 knowledge. AILA Review 8, 45-60

 

Boubakri, H. (1984) La restauration tunisienne à Paris. Etudes Méditerranéennes, 7: 51-114.

 

Boubakri, H. (1985) Modes de gestion et réinvestissements chez les commerçants tunisiens de Paris. Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, 1 (1), 49-65.

 

Boumans, L. (1998). The syntax of codeswitching: Analyzing Moroccan Arabic/Dutch conversations. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.

 

Bouquet, F., Tuvo, F. & Paci, M. (1981). Afasia traumatica in un bambino bilingue nel 50 anno di vita. Neuropsichiatria infantile, 236, 159—169.

 

Bourgain, E 1978 Attitudes et apprentissage. In Ferenczi, V. (ed.) Psychologie, langage et apprentissage, pp.67-84. Paris

 

Bourhis, R. (1983): Language attitudes and self-reports of French-English language usage in Quebec. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 4, 163-79.

 

Bourhis, R. (1990), 'Social and individual factors in language acquisition: some models of bilingual proficiency', in Harley et al, 134-145

 

Bourhis, R. & Giles, H. (1977), 'The language of intergroup distinctiveness' in Giles (ed.) 1977

 

Bourhis, R., Giles, H., Leyens, 1. P. & Tajfel, H. (1979) Psycholinguistic distinctiveness: language divergence in Belgium. In H. Giles & R. St. Clair eds., Language and social psychology. Oxford: Basil Blackwells, 158-85.

 

Bourque, M.A. & Baum, S.R. (1996), 'Lexical organisation in compound versus subordinate bilinguals: is there a difference?', Brain and Language, 47, 3, 444-446

 

Bouton, L.F. 1992 Culture, pragmatics and implicature. AFinLa Yearbook 35-61.

 

Bouton, L.F. 1994 Conversational implicature in the second language: Learned slowly when not deliberately taught. Journal of Pragmatics, 22, 1994,157-67.

 

Boyd, S. (1993), 'Changes in the lexicon of Finnish and American adult bilinguals in Sweden', in: K Hyltenstam & A Viberg (eds.) Progression and regression in language: sociocultural, neuropsychological and linguistic perspectives. CUP

 

Boyd, S. & Andresson, P. (1991), 'Linguistic change among bilingual speakers of Finnish and American English in Sweden: background and spme tentative ffindings', International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 90, 13-35

 

Boyle, E.R. 1990, Is there a bilingual answer for Hong Kong? Evaluation and Research in Education 4 (3), 117-127.

 

Boyle, J. 1987. 'Sex differences in listening vocabulary'. Language Learning 37:273-84.

 

Boyle, J. (1997), ‘Native-speaker teachers of English in Hong Kong’, Language and Education, 11, 3, 163-181

 

Braccini, F. & Cianchi, R. (1993), ‘The influence on some linguistic and cognitive skills of the early learning of a foreign language’, Rassegna Italiana di Linguistica Applicata, 2, 53-66

 

Brachfield, O. (1936), ‘Individual psychology in the learning of languages, Int. J. Individual Psychology, 2, 77-83

 

Bradley, D.C., Sanchez-Casas, R.M., & Garcia-Albea, J.E. (1993), ‘The status of the syllable in the perception of Spanish and English’, Language and Cognitive Processes, 8, 2, 197-233

 

Bradlow, A. R., Pisoni, D. B., Akahane-Yamada, R. and Tohkura, Y. (1997). Training Japanese listeners to identify English /r/ and /l/: IV. Some effects of perceptual learning on speech proruction. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101, (4), 2299-2310.

 

Braidi, S. (1992). Issues in input: An integrative framework for analysing second language input. In D. Staub & C. Delk (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twelfth Second Language Research Forum (pp. 335—336). East Lansing: Michigan State University, Depart­ment of English.

 

Braidi, S.M. 1995. Reconsidering the role of interaction and input in second language acquisition. Language Learning 45, 141—75.

 

Braidi, S.M. (1999), The acquisition of second lang­uage syntax, London: Arnold

 

Braine, G. (ed.) (1999) Non-Native Educators in English Language Teaching. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

 

Braine, M.D. 1987, Acquiring and processing first and second languages. In P. HOMEL, M. PALIJ and D. AARONSON (eds) Childhood Bilingualism: Aspects of Linguistic, Cognitive and Social Development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

 

Bratt Paulston, C. (1988) (ed.) International handbook of bilingualism and bilingual education. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.

 

Brauer, G. (ed.) (2000), Writing Across Languages, Ablex

 

Brauer, M. (19998), 'Stroop interference in bilinguals: the role of similarity between languages', in A.F. Healy & L.E. Bourne Jr. (eds.), Foreign Language Learning: Psycholinguistic studies on training and retention, pp. 317-337, Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum

 

Breathnach, C. (1993), 'Temporal determinants of language acquisition and bilingualism', Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 10, 41-7

 

Brédart, S. (1980). Un probleme de métalinguistique: l’explication des échecs de communication chez l'enfant de 8 á 12 ans, Archives de Psychologie 48, 303-321.

 

Breen, M.P. (1984), ‘Process syllabuses for the language classroom’, in Brumfit, C.J. (ed.) General English Syllabus Design. ELT Documents, 118, 47-60

 

Breen, M. 1985. 'The social context for language learning-a neglected situation?' Studies in Second Language Acquisition 7:135-58.

 

Breen, M. 1987. 'Learner contributions to task design' in Candlin & Murphy (eds.)

 

Breitborde, L. (1998) Speaking and social identity: English in the lives of urban Africans. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.

 

Bremer, K., Broeder, P., Roberts, C., Simonot, M., & Vasseur, M.-Th. (eds.) 1988. Ways of achieving understanding: communicating to learn in a second language, (= Final Report to the European Sci­ence Foundation, I). Strasbourg, London.

 

Bremer, K., Roberts, C., Vasseur, M.-T, Simonot, M. & Broeder, P. 1996: Achieving understanding: discourse in intercultural encounters. Harlow: Longman.

 

Bremner, S. (1999). Language learning strategies and language proficiency: investigating the relationship in Hong Kong, CMLR, 55, 4, 490-514

 

Brennan, E. & Brennan, J.S.(1981), ‘Accent scaling and language attitudes: reactions to Nexican American English’, Language and Speech, 24, 207-221

 

Brennan, E., Ryan, E. & Dawson, W. (1975). Scaling of apparent accentedness by magnitude estimation and sensory modality matching. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 4, 27-36.

 

Brent Palmer, C. (1979): A sociolinguistic assessment of the notion immigrant semilingualism' from a social conflict perspective. Working Papers on Bilingualism, 9, 1-43

 

Breton, A. (1978), Bilingualism: An Economic Approach. Montreal: C.D. Howe Institute

 

Breton, A. (ed.) (1998), Economic Approaches to Language and Bilingualism, Canada: Canadian Heritage http://www.pch.gc.ca/offlangoff/perspectives/ english/economic/index.html

 

Breton, A. (ed.), EXPLORING THE ECONOMICS OF LANGUAGE, Canadian Heritage, http://www.pch.gc.ca/offlangoff/perspectives/english/explorer/index.html

 

Breton, A. & Mieszkowski, P. (1977), "The Economics of Bilingualism", in W.E. Oates (ed.) The Political Economy of Fiscal Federalism. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 261-273.

 

Brière, E. 1978. 'Variables affecting native Mexican children's learning Spanish as a second lan­guage'. Language Learning 28:159-74.

 

Brière, E.J. 1966. An investigation of phonological interference. Language 42: 768-96

 

Brière, E.J. 1968. A Psycholinguistic Study of Phonological Interference. Mouton, The Hague.

 

Briggs, P. & Goryo, K. (1988), ‘Biscriptal interference: a study of English and Japanese’, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40A, 515-531

 

Brindley, G. 1986 The assessment of second language proficiency: issues and approaches. National Curriculum Resource Centre, Adelaide

 

Brindley, G. 1986 Semantic approaches to learner language. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 3: l~3

 

Brindley, G. 1991. 'Learnability in the ESL classroom: a pilot study'. Paper presented at RELC Regional Seminar on Language Acquisition and the Second/Foreign Language Classroom, Singapore.

 

Brindley, G. & Singh, K. 1982 The use of second language learning research in ESL proficiency assessment. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 5

 

Brisbois, J. (1995), ‘Connections between first and second language learning’, Journal of Reading Behaviour, 27, 4, 565-584

 

Brisk, M.E. (1976): The acquisition of Spanish gender by first grade Spanish-speaking children. In Keller, C. D., Taeschner, R. V. & Viera, S. eds, pp. 143-59.

 

Broady, E. (2005), ‘Language learning motivation: who do you want to be?’ Language Learning Journal, 31, 69-74

 

 

Broca, P.P. (1861). Remarques sur le siège de la faculté du language articulé, suives d’une observation d’aphémie (perte de la parole). Bulletin de la Société Anatomique, 6, 330-357.

 

Brock, C. A. 1986. The effects of referential questions on ESL classroom discourse. TESOL Quarterly 20:47-59.

 

Brock, C., Crookes, G., Day, R. R., & Long, M. H. (1986). The differential effects of corrective feedback in native speaker/non-native speaker conversation. In R. R. Day (Ed.), “Talking to learn”: Conversation in second language acquisition (pp. 327— 351). Cambridge, MS: Newbury House.

 

Broeder, P. 1987. Learning to repeat to interact. Learner's repetitions in the language acquisition process of adults. Tilburg papers in Language and Literature, 114.

 

Broeder, P. 1989. Learning to talk about people: Towards a FL syllabus for adult learners. Language culture and curriculum, 2.1:31-41.

 

Broeder, P. 1990. Reference to people in adult language acquisition. ITL Review of Applied Linguistics, 87/88:23-43.

 

Broeder, P. 1991. Talking about people. A multiple case study on adult language acquisition, (European studies on multilingualism, 1). Amster­dam: Swets & Zeitlinger.

 

Broeder, P. & Extra, G. 1987. Measuring lexical richness and variety in second language use. Polyglot, 8:1-16. Special issue on lexicon, edited by Paul Meara.

 

Broeder, P. & Extra, G. 1989. Processes in the developing lexicon of adult immigrant learners. AILA Review, 6:86-109.

 

Broeder, P. & Extra, G. 1991. Acquisition of kinship reference: A study on word-formation pro­cesses of adult language learners. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1.2:209-227.

 

Broeder, P., Extra, G. & Hout, R. van 1989. 'Vocabulary acquisition'. AILA Review 1989. Amsterdam: Free University Press.

 

Broeder, P., Extra, G., & Hout, R. van 1986. Acquiring the linguistic de­vices for pronominal reference to persons: A crosslinguistic perspective on complex tasks with small words. In F. Beukema & A. Hulk (eds.) Linguistics in the Netherlands, 27-40. Dordrecht: Foris.

 

Broeder, P., Extra, G., van Hout, R. & Voionmaa, K. (1993), 'Word formation processes in talking about entities', in: C. Purdue (ed.) Adult Language Acquisition: cross-linguistic perspectives, vol 2. CUP

 

Broeder, P., Extra, G., Hout, R. van, Strömqvist, S., & Voionmaa, K. (eds.) 1988. Processes in the developing lexicon, (= Final Re­port to the European Science Foundation, III). Strasbourg, Tilburg, Göteborg.

 

Broeder, P. & Murre, J. (eds.) (2000). Models of language acquisition. OUP

 

Broeder P. & Murre, J.M.J. (eds) (1999) Language and thought in development: crosslinguistucs studies, Tubingen: Gunter Narr,

 

Broeder, P. & Plunkett, P. (1994), ‘Connectionism and second language acquisition’ in Ellis, N. (ed.), Implicit and Explicit Learning of Languages. Academic Press, London 421-453

 

Broeder, P. & Voionmaa, K. 1986. Establishing word-class distinctions in the vocabulary of adult language learners - a crosslinguistic perspective. In Ö. Dahl (ed.) Papers from the Ninth Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics, 74-85. University of Stockholm: Dept. of Linguistics.

 

Broek, C. 1986. 'The effects of referential questions on ESL classroom discourse'. TESOL Quar­terly 20: 47-8.

 

Brooks, F. & Donato, R. (1994). Vygotskyan approaches to understanding foreign language learner discourse during communicative tasks. Hispania,77, 262-274

 

Brooks, F. (1990), 'Foreign language learning: a social interaction perspective', in VanPatten, B. & Lee, J.F. (eds.), Second lang­uage acquisition-foreign language learning, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 153-169

 

Brooks, N. 1960. Language and Language Learning. New York: Harcourt Brace & World

 

Brophy, J. & Good, T. 1974 Teacher-student relationships: causes and conse­quences. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York

 

Broselow, E. 1983 ‘Non-obvious transfer: On predicting epenthesis errors’, in: Gass & Selinker (eds.), 269-280.

 

Broselow, E. 1984 "An investigation of transfer in second language phonology", International Review of Applied Linguistics 22: 253-269.

 

Broselow, E. (1988), 'Prosodic Phonology and the Acquisition of a Second Language', in S. Flynn & W. O'Neil (eds.), Linguistic Theory in Second Language Acquisition, Kluwer, Dordrecht

 

Broselow, E. & Finer, D. (1991), 'Parameter-setting in second language phonology and syntax', Second Language Research, 7, 1, 35-60

 

Broselow, E., Chen, S. & Wang, C. (1998), The emergence of the unmarked in second language phonology', SSLA, 20, 261-280

 

Brown, A. (1982), 'Inducing strategic learning from texts by means of informed, self-control training', Topics in Learning and Learning Disability, 2, 1-17

 

Brown, C. 1985 Requests for specific language input: differences between older and younger adult language learners. In Gass, S & Madden C (eds.) Input in second language acquisition. Newbury House, Rowley, Mass.

 

Brown, C. 1985. Two windows on the classroom world: diary studies and participant observation differences. In P. Larson, E. L. Judd, & D. S. Messerschmitt, eds. On TESOL '84: a brave new world for TESOL, 121-134 Washington, D.C.: TESOL.

 

Brown, C. (1993), ‘Factors affecting the acquisition of vocabulary: frequency and saliency of words’ in Huckin, T., et al, 263-286

 

Brown, C. 1993. The role of the L1 grammar in the L2 acquisition of segmental structure. McGill Working Papers in Linguistics, 9, 180-210.

 

Brown, C. 1998. The role of the L1 grammar in the L2 acquisition of segmental structure. Second Language Research, 14, 2, 136-193.

 

Brown, C. (2000), 'The interrelation between speech production and phonological acquisition from infant to child', in Archibald, J. (ed) (2000) Second Language Acquisition and Linguistic Theory. Oxford: Blackwell

 

Brown, G.D.A. & Hulme, C. (1992). Cognitive processing and second language processing: the role of short term memory. In R.J. Harris (ed.), Cognitive Processing in Bilinguals. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 105-121

 

Brown, H., Sharma, N. & Kirsner, K. (1984), ‘The role of script and phonology in lexical representation’, Quarterly J. Exp. Psychol., 36A, 491-505

 

Brown, H.D. (1970), 'Categories of spelling difficulty in speakers of English as a first and second language', Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour 9

 

Brown, H.D. 1973 Affective variables in second language acquisition. Language Learning 23: 231-44

 

Brown, H.D. 1977 Cognitive and affective characteristics of good language learners. In Henning, C (ed.) Proceedings of the Los Angeles Second Language Research Forum, pp. 349-54 Department of English, University of California at Los Angeles

 

Brown, H.D. (1980), The optimal distance model of second language acquisition. TESOL Quarterly 14:157-64

 

Brown, H.D. (1987), Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.

 

Brown, H.D. (1989). A Practical Guide to Language Learning. New York: McGraw Hill.

 

Brown, J.D. (1983), An exploration of morpheme group interactions. In Bailey, K.M, Long, M. & Peck, S. (eds.) Second language acquisition studies, Newbury House, Rowley, Mass.

 

Brown, J.D. (1988), Understanding Research in Second Language Learning, New York, CUP

 

Brown, J.D. & Rodgers, T. (2002), Doing Second Language Research, OUP

 

Brown, R. 1987. 'A comparison of the comprehensibility of modified and unmodified reading materials for ESL'. University of Hawaii Working Papers in ESL 6: 49-79.

 

Brown, R. 1991. 'Group work, task difference, and second language acquisition'. Applied Linguistics, 2l: 1-12.

 

Brown, T. & Haynes, M. (1985), ‘Literacy background and reading development in a second language ‘, in T.H. Carr (ed.), The Development of Reading Skills, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass 19-34

 

Brown, T. & Perry, F.. 1991. 'A comparison of three learning strategies for ESL vocabulary acquisition'. TESOL Quarterly 25: 655-70.

 

Bruce, L.C. (1895). Notes of a case of dual brain action. Brain, 18, 54—65.

 

Bruck, M. (1982). ‘Language Impaired Children’s Performance in an Additive Bilingual Education Program’, Applied Psycholinguistics, 13, 45-60

 

Bruck, M. & Schultz, J. 1977. An ethnographic analysis of the language use patterns of bilingually schooled children. Working Papers on Bilingualism, No. 13, 59-91. Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.

 

Bruton, A. (2000), 'A diachronic study of L2 English', in A. Bruton, L.G. Garcίa & J.J. Fernandez Domίnguez (eds.) Perspectives on the Genitive in English, Universidad de Sevila 141-151

 

Bruton, A. & Samuda, V. 1980. Learner and teacher roles in the treatment of oral error in group work. RELC Journal 11:49-63.

 

Bruton, A. & Samuda, V. (1981) ‘Guessing words’, Modern English Teacher, 8, 3, 18-21

 

Brutt-Griffler, J. (2002), World English: a Study of its Devlopmemnt, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters

 

Bruzese, G. 1977 English/Italian secondary hybridisation: a case study in the pidginization of a second language learner's speech. In Henning, C. (ed.) Proceedings of the Los Angeles Second Language Research Forum. University of California at Los Angeles

 

Brysbaert, M. (1998), ‘Word recognition in bilinguals: evidence against the existence of two separate lexicons’, Psychologica Belgica, 38, 163-175

 

Brysbaert, M., Van Dyck, G., & Van de Poel, M. (1999). Visual word recognition in bilinguals: Evidence from masked phonological priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 25, 137-148.

 

Buckheister, P.F. & J.F. Fanselow. 1984. Do you have the key? In J. Handscombe, R. A. Orem, & B. P. Taylor, eds. On TESOL '83: the question of control, 223-229. Washington, D.C.: TESOL.

 

Buczowska, E. & Weist, R. 1991. 'The effects of formal instruction on the second-language acquisition of temporal location'. Language Learning, 41: 535-54.

 

Budner, S. 1962 Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable. Journal of Personality 30: 29-50

 

Bullivant, B. M. (1984): Pluralism: Cultural Maintenance and Evolution. Clevedon, Avon: Multilingual Matters.

 

Bullock, B., & Toribio, A. J. (Eds.) (2004). Bilingualism and linguistic convergence. Special issue. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7, 2.

 

Bung, K. (1973), The Foreign Language Needs of Hotel Waiters and Staff, CCC/EES (73) 16

 

Burgoon, J. K. (1976). The unwillingness to communicate scale: Development and validation. Communication Monographs. 43, 6O-69.

 

Burke, Mary Ann (1992). Canada’s immigrant children. Canadian Social Trends, Spring 1992, 15-20

 

Bürki-Cohen, J., Grosjean, F. & Miller, J. (1989) Base language effects on word identification in bilingual speech: evidence from categorical perception experiments. Language and Speech, 32:355-71.

 

Burling, R. (1959): Language development of a Garo and English speaking                                                                   

 

Burling, R. (1970). Man's Many Voices. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

 

Burling, R. (1981), 'Social constraints on adult language learning', in Winitz, H. (ed.), Native Language and Foreign Language Acquisition, New York Academy of Sciences, 279-290

 

Burmeister, H. & Ufert, D. 1980 Strategy switching. In Felix, S (ed.) Second language development, pp. 109-22. Gunter Narr, Tubingen

 

Burmeister, R. & P. Rounds (eds.). 1990. Variability in Second Language Acquisition: Pro­ceedings of the Tenth Meeting of the Second Language Research Forum, Vol. 1. Eugene, Oregon: University of Oregon.

 

Burstall, C. 1975 ‘Factors affecting foreign-language learning: a consideration of some recent research findings’. Language Teaching and Linguistics: Abstracts 8:5-25

 

Burstall, C. 1979. 'Primary French in the balance' in Pride (ed.) 1979.

 

Burstall, C., Jamieson, M., Cohen, S. & Hargreaves, M. 1974. Primary French in the balance. Windsor, Berkshire: NFER Publishing.

 

Burt, M. (1975), 'Error analysis in the adult EFL classroom'. TESOL Quarterly 9: 53-63.

 

Burt, M. & Dulay, H., (eds) 1975 New directions in second language learning, teaching and bilingual education. TESOL, Washington, DC

 

Burt, M. & Dulay, H, 1980 On acquisition orders. In Felix, S (ed.) Second language development, pp. 265-327. Gunter Narr, Tubingen

 

Burt, M., Dulay, H. & Finnocchario, M.(eds.). 1977. Viewpoints on English as a Second Lan­guage. New York: Regents.

 

Burt, M., H. Dulay, & E. Hernandez. 1973. Bilingual Syntax Measure. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

 

Burt, M. & Kiparsky, C. 1972. The Gooficon: a Repair Manual for English. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.

 

Burt, M. & Kiparsky, C. 1974. Global and local mistakes. In J. H. Schumann & N. Stenson, eds. New frontiers in second language learning, 71-80. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.

 

Busch, D. 1982. 'Introversion-extroversion and the EFL proficiency of Japanese students'. Lan­guage Learning 32:109-32.

 

Buteau, M. 1970 Students' errors and the learning of French as a second language. International Review Of Applied Linguistics 8: 133A5

 

Butler, Y.G. 2002. Second language learners’ theories on use of English articles. SSLA, 24, 451-480

 

Butzkamm, W. (2003), ‘We only learn language once. The role of mother tongues in the classroom’, Language Learning Journal, 28, 29-39

 

Butterworth, G. & E. Hatch. 1978. 'A Spanish-speaking adolescent's acquisition of English syntax' in Hatch (ed.) 1978

 

Buxbaum, E. (XXX), ‘ The role of second lang­uage in the formation of ego and superego, Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 18, 279-89

 

Bychowsky, Z. (1983). Concerning the restitution of language loss subsequent to a cranial gunshot wound in a polyglot aphasic. In M. Paradis (Ed.), Readings on aphasia in bilinguals and polyglots (pp. 130-144). Montreal: Didier. (Original work published in 1919.)

 

Bye, C. 1980 The acquisition of grammatical morphemes in Quiche Mayan. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pittsburgh

 

Bygate, M. 1988 Units of oral expression and language learning in small group interaction. Applied Linguistics 9 (1): 59-82

 

Bygate, M. 1998, 'Theoretical perspectives on speaking', Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 18, 20-42

 

Bygate, M., Tonkyn, A. & Williams, E. (eds.) (1992), Grammar and the language teacher, Prentice-Hall

 

Byon, A.S. (2004). Learning linguistic politeness. Applied Language Learning, 14, 37-62.

 

Byram, M. (1986), Minority Education and Ethnic Survival, Multilingual Matters, Clevedon

 

Byram, M. (1990), 'Foreign language teaching and young people's perceptions of other cultures', ELT Documents, 132

 

Byram, M. & Leman, J. (Eds.) (1990). Bicultural and Trilingual Education. The Foyer Model in Brussels. Clevedon & Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters.

 

Byrne, H. (Ed.) (1992). Languages for a Multicultural World in Transition. Illinois: National Textbook Company