Indic transliteration
Notes

  1. The transliterations are case-insensitive.

  2. The inherent vowel a is always transliterated.

  3. Latin punctuation and Hindu-Arabic numerals are retained unchanged.

  4. Numbers in Indic scripts are converted into Hindu-Arabic form.

  5. Mal. Mal. virama final in a word is transliterated u_breve, except for single letters such as Mal. k, k.

  6. Mal. Anusvara final in a word is always transliterated m.

  7. With a vowel, Nasalization come after the vowel, but m_cb with a semi-vowel comes before the semi-vowel.

  8. Tel. half-nasal used for modern nasalization in Hindi, etc., is always transliterated by a tilde above the vowel, as in the strict nasalization option.

  9. For Pali the transliterated half-nasal is replaced by the full nasal.

  10. Mal. Mal. alv. r combined with a consonant is transliterated r. When final in a word it is transliterated _r in Malayalam words, but either way as appropriate for other languages.

  11. The transliteration y is used after a consonant, except after antastha ya itself: double antastha ya.

  12. Ambiguity is resolved by inserting a colon : between two transliterated characters having an unexpected meaning, or before one such character. This colon is never placed at the end of a word.      Examples:
    Resolving ambiguities
    Other ambiguities are treated in the same way.

  13. Different glyphs belonging to the same Indic character have the same transliteration.
    If an Indic character in any script is equivalent to a character covered by the standard, their transliterations are the same. (This may be called 'slotting in'.)     E.g. Avagraha in Gur. older orthography gives Avagraha.

Last updated: 10 June 2002