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Catend Study pointer

The Four Kinds of sutra in Indian Sutra texts

and why they are of interest for modern documents

If the rules of your favourite Club or Society seem confusing, take a look at this list of different kinds of rules (sutras) from ancient India. Only four different kinds are needed. These sutras are short statements. When they are put together to form a string (sutra) of statements, the resulting text is called "So-and-so Sutra", in Sanksrit. In English, the text is often called "The So-and-so Sutras". Here are the four kinds.

Samjna sutra
Definition. This is especially needed when words are used in a technical sense. Sometimes a word is invented for a special purpose.

Vidhi sutra
Rule. This is for rules proper.

Adhikara sutra
Context. This sets the context for a following sutra or group of sutras.

Paribhasha sutra
Explanation. This includes sutras giving instructions for applying some of the rules.

I find this list helpful. A definition may not tell us what to do, but it may be essential for the rest of the document. In modern documents, of course, the context may be set by simply using a sub-heading. It can still be thought of as a useful rule, bringing clarity. Similarly for explanations.

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Copyright (C) Anthony P. Stone 2008. This material may be freely used, provided the author is acknowledged.

Last updated: 29 July 2008