The Evolution of Messianic Jewish Theology: An Outline

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1.         Aims of the study of MJT

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1.1          Reasons for the study of MJT

1.2          Personal involvement

1.3          Definition of terms

1.3.1       Jewish Christian(ity)

1.3.2       Christian Jew/Judaism(s)

1.3.3       Hebrew Christian(ity)

1.3.4       Messianic Jew/Judaism(s)

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2.             Key Features of Messianic Judaism today

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2.1          Numbers: 100,000 - USA; 5,000 - Israel; 3,000 - UK ; ? - CIS;

2.2          Congregations and Fellowships: 120 - USA, 80 - Israel, 20 - UK, plus France, Canada, South Africa, Argentina, Brazil, Australia, New Zealand, CIS, etc.

2.3          Messianic Jewish Organisations

2.3.1       UMJC, MJAA, FMC in USA

2.3.2       IMJA world-wide

2.3.3.     LCJE and Jewish Missions

2.4          Literature and publications

                  2.4.1       Messianic Jewish Life

                  2.4.2       Mishkan

                  2.4.3       Messianic Times

2.5          Key works of MJT

                  2.5.1       Hebrew Christianity, Its Theology, History and Philosophy (A. Fruchtenbaum, 1974)

                  2.5.2       Everything You Need to Grow a Messianic Synagogue (P. Goble, 1974)

                  2.5.3       Messianic Manifesto (D. Stern, 1988)

                  2.5.4       Jewish Roots (D. Juster, 1995)

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3.             Messianic Jewish Life

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3.1          Liturgy

                  3.1.2       Sabbath - Kiddush, Erev Shabbat, Torah Service, Havdalah

                  3.1.3       Pilgrim Festivals -Passover, Shavuot (Pentecost), Tabernacles (Sukkot)

3.1.4       High Holidays - Rosh Hashanah (New Year), Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement)

3.1.5       Simxat Torah, Hanucah, Purim, etc.

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3.2.         Life-cycle

                  3.2.1      Circumcision/naming

                  3.2.2      Bar/Bat Mitzvah

                  3.2.3      Marriage

                  3.2.4      Funeral

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3.3           Life-style

                  3.3.1      Kashrut (Food Laws)

                  3.3.2      Mezzuzah ("Door-post")

                  3.3.3      Mikveh (Immersion)

                  3.3.4      Tefillin (Phylacteries)

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4.             Evolution of Messianic Judaism

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4.1           New Testament

                  4.1.1      "Hebrews" and "Hellenists"

                  4.1.2      The "Circumcision party"

                  4.1.3      Jewish Christianities and Gentile Christianities

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4.2           Apostolic Period

                  4.2.1      Nazarenes

                  4.2.2      Ebionites

                  4.2.3      MandÊans, etc

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4.3           2nd  -5th Centuries

                  4.3.1      Pella Tradition (Eusebius)

                  4.3.2      Exclusion from Synagogue - Birkat Haminim (c.110)

                  4.3.3      Anathematized from Church

4.3.4      Continuing Syriac church

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4.4           5th-12th Centuries

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                  4.4.1      Continuing Jewish Christian presence in East (Pines)

                  4.4.2      Influence on formative Islam

                  4.4.3      Agobard of Lyons and conversion to Judaism

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4.5           13th-18th Centuries

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                  4.5.1      Marranos and Conversos

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4.6           1800-1948

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                  4.6.1      Jewish  Missionary Movement - CMJ and Beni Abraham

                  4.6.2      Hebrew Christian Alliance (1866)

                  4.6.3      Israelites of the New Covenant (1883 Joseph Rabinowitz)

                  4.6.4      Meal of the Holy King, London (1910 Paul Levertoff)

4.6.5      First Hebrew Christian Church of Chicago (1934 David Bronstein)

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4.7           1948-2001

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                  4.7.1      Re-establishment of State of Israel

4.7.2      Jesus movement in USA (1960's)

4.7.3      Messianic Movement in 1970's - UMJC formed 1979

4.7.4      Consolidation in 1980's

4.7.5      Gen-X and Israeli believers in 1990's

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5.             Key Concerns of MJT

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                  5.1           Validation of Jewish Christian identity

                  5.2           Rediscovery of the Jewishness of the Gospel

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6.             Theological Categories

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                  6.1           God, Torah, Israel

                  6.2          Messiah and Land

                  6.3           Tradition and Identity

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7.             Theological Methods

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                  7.1          Bevans' Models - Translation, Anthropological, Praxis, Synthetic, Transcendental

                  7.2           Jewish models of Theology - Maimonides, Jacobs, Borowitz

                  7.2           Contextual model - ethnotheology

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8.             Bibliography

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Cohn-Sherbok D       Messianic Judaism   (London: Cassell, 2000)

Rausch D                           Messianic Judaism: Its History, Theology and Polity  (New York: Mellen, 19820

Stern D                                 Messianic Jewish Manifesto  (Israel: Manahat, 1988)

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