THE STORY OF ERE-DWELLERS.

CHAPTER I

Herein Is Told How Ketil Flatneb Fares To West-Over-Sea.

Ketil Flatneb was hight a famous hersir (1) in Norway; he was

the son of Biorn Rough-foot, the son of Grim, a hersir of Sogn.

Ketil Flatneb was a wedded man; he had to wife Yngvild,

daughter of Ketil Wether, a hersir of Raumarik; Biorn and

Helgi were hight their sons, but their daughters were these,

Auth the Deep-minded, Thorun the Horned, and Jorun Manwitbrent. 

Biorn, the son of etil, was fostered east in Iamtaland with that earl who was

alled Kiallak, a wise man, and most renowned; he had a son whose

ame was Biorn, and a daughter hight Giaflaug.  That was in the

ays when King Harald Hairfair came to the rule of Norway.

ecause of that unpeace many noble men fled from their lands out

f Norway; some east over the Keel, some West-over-the-sea.  Some

here were withal who in winter kept themselves in the

outh-isles, or the Orkneys, but in summer harried in Norway and

rought much scathe in the kingdom of Harald the king.

Now the bonders bemoaned them of that to the king, and prayed him

eliver them from that unpeace.  Then Harald the king took such

ede that he caused dight an army for West-over-the-sea, and said

hat Ketil Flatneb should be captain of that host.  Ketil begged

ff therefrom, but the king said he must needs go; and when Ketil

aw that the king would have his will, he betook himself to the

aring, and had with him his wife and those of his children who

ere at home.  But when Ketil came West-over-the-sea, some deal

f fighting had he and his, and ever got the victory.  He laid

nder him the South-isles, and made himself chief over them.

hen he made peace with the mightiest chiefs West-over-the-sea,

nd made alliances with them, and therewithal sent the army back

ast.  But when they met Harald the king, they said that Ketil

latneb was lord of the South-isles, but that they wotted not if

e would drag the rule west of the sea to King Harald.  But when

he king knew that, he took to himself those lands that Ketil

wned in Norway.

Ketil Flatneb gave his daughter Auth to Olaf the White, who at

hat time was the greatest war-king West-over-the-sea; he was the

on of Ingiald, the son of Helgi; but the mother of Ingiald was

hora, the daughter of Sigurd Worm-in-eye, the son of Ragnar

airy-breeks. (2)  Thorun the Horned he gave in wedlock to Helgi

he Lean, the son of Eyvind the Eastman and Rafarta, the daughter

f Kiarfal, King of the Irish.

ENDNOTES:

1)  "HERSIR" we have left untranslated because we know no

    English term whereby to render it properly.  That it is

    derived from "herr", a collective noun meaning multitude of

    people, cannot be doubted.  The termination "-sir" is

    indicative of the agent, and here would originally point to

    the agent as ruler, commander, gatherer together.  In

    support of this is the word "hersing", a collected

    multitude, crowd.  In time the hersir became not only ruler

    of men, but a lord of the territory within which his herr

    had its habitation, which territory was called "herath", and

    only in the capacity of such a territorial lord the

    historical hersir is known.  Before the days of Harold

    Hairfair he appears to have been an independent kinglet or

    tribal chief, who in his person with the secular sway over

    his people combined the sacerdotal office of pontifex

    maximus.  After Hairfair's day the hersir was reduced to a

    royal liegeman, and between him and the king there was set

    up a new dignity, that of the earl, to whom jurisdiction

    over so and so many hersar was assigned.  The Icelandic

    "Gothi" was another form of the hersir of Norway, but the

    title hersir could not be used, because in Iceland "herath"

    as a lordship with definite boundaries never existed; there

    it merely signified country-side, district.  Thus, while in

    Norway the title of hersir pointed especially to the secular

    character of the ruler of men in a defined herath, in

    Iceland the title of Gothi indicated in particular such a

    person's sacerdotal quality.

2)  "Ketil Flatneb gave his daughter Aud to Olaf the White, who

    at that time was the greatest war-king west-over-the-sea; he

    was the son of Ingiald the son of Helgi, but the mother of

    Ingiald was Thora, the daughter of Sigurd Worm-in-eye, the

    son of Ragnar Hairy-breeks."  We have here an instance of

    the manner in which Icelandic aristocrats would connect

    their ancestors, of the period prior to the settlement, with

    famous legendary royal races, such as the Ynglings of Sweden

    and Norway, or heroes such as Ragnar Hairy-breeks, or Sigurd

    the Volsung.  The descent of Olaf the White, as our story

   has it, is evidently due to Ari the Learned, because, so far

    as it goes, it agrees both with his "Islendingabok", ch. 12,

    and with "Landnama", ii, ch. 15, and, most probably, the

    notice about the mother's kindred of Ingiald is due to the

    same source, namely, the lost greater "Islendingabok" of

    Ari, of which the one now existing is confessedly an

    abridgment.  In a contemporary Irish record, "Three

    Fragments" ed. by O'Donovan, 1860, pp. 127, 195, which

    scholars agree in regarding as generally a trustworthy

    source for Irish history, the descent of Olaf is also given,

    and, as the following table shows, there is an

    irreconcilable discrepancy between the two sources:

     Irish record               Icelandic Record

                      Halfdan Whiteleg,    Sigurd Ring, a king of

                     King of Upland       the Wick, in Norway

                           |                     |

    Godfred              Gudrod         Ragnar Hairy-breeks

      |                    |                     |

    Godfred               Olaf           Sigurd Worm-in-eye

      |                    |                     |

    Ragnall              Helgi     married     Thora

      |                               |

    Godfred                        Ingiald

      |                               |

    Olaf (no surname)        Olaf the White m. Aud

     By the Icelandic family-tree Aud and her numerous kindred in

    Broadfirth united in their veins all the blue blood of

    antiquity.  But in that respect it is an awkward

    circumstance, that the Irish record does not know Aud as a

    wife of Olaf at all, but says that he was married to the

    daughter of King Aedh of Ireland, the successor of

    Maelsechlainn, which lady's name, however, it does not give.

    Both the great historical critics, Johannes Steenstrup

    (Normannerne, ii, 120-121, 374-375), and Gustav Storm

    (Kritiske Bidrag til Vikingetidens Historie, 119), agree in

    rejecting the Icelandic genealogy of Olaf the Dublin king,

     and accepting the Irish.

CHAPTER II

Of Biorn Ketilson and Thorolf Most-Beard.

Biorn the son of Ketil Flatneb was in Iamtaland till Kiallak the

earl died; he gat to wife Giaflaug the earl's daughter, and

thereafter fared west over the Keel, first to Thrandheim and then

south through the land, and took to himself those lands which his

father had owned, and drove away the bailiffs that King Harald

had set over them.  King Harald was in the Wick when he heard

that, and thereon he fared by the inland road north to

Thrandheim, and when he came there he summoned an eight-folks'

mote; (1) and at that mote he made Biorn Ketilson outlaw from

Norway, a man to be slain or taken wheresoever he might be found.

Thereafter he sent Hawk High-breeks and other of his warriors to

slay him if they might find him.  But when they came south beyond

Stath, the friends of Biorn became ware of their journey and sent

him tidings thereof.  Then Biorn got him aboard a bark which he

owned, with his household and chattels, and fled away south along

the land, because that this was in the heart of winter, and he

durst not make for the main.  Biorn fared on till he came to the

island called Most which lies off South-Hordaland, and there a

man hight Rolf took him in, who was the son of Ornolf the

Fish-driver.  There lay Biorn privily the winter through.  But

the king's men turned back when they had settled Biorn's lands

and set men over them.

ENDNOTES:

(1)  "He fared by the inland road north to Thrandheim, and when

     he came there, he summoned an eight folks' mote."  This

     assembly consequently consisted of spokesmen from the eight

     folks (fylki), which formed the political as well as the

     geographical extent of what, for want of a better name, we

     might perhaps term the province of Thrandheim.  These eight

     folks were, taken in order of their geographical position,

     from south to north: the folk of Orkdale (Orkdaela-fylki);

     of Gauldale (Gauldaela-f.); of Strind (Strinda-f.); of

     Stiordale (Stjordaela-f.); of Skaun (Skeyna-f.); of Verdale

     (Verdaela-f.); of Spar-biders (Sparbyggja-f.); of Aun

     (Eyna-f.).  All these folks had their common folk-mote at

     the Thing of Eres (Eyrathing) within the site of the present

     city of Drontheim.

CHAPTER III

Thorolf Most-Beard Outlawed By King Harald Hairfair.

Rolf was a mighty chief, and a man of the greatest largesse; he

had the ward of Thor's temple there in the island, and was a

great friend of Thor.  And therefore he was called Thorolf. (1)

He was a big man and a strong, fair to look on, and had a great

beard; therefore was he called Most-beard, and he was the noblest

man in the island.

In the spring Thorolf gave Biorn a good long-ship manned with a

doughty crew, and gave him Hallstein his son to bear him

fellowship; and therewith they sailed West-over-the-sea to meet

Biorn's kindred.

But when King Harald knew that Thorolf Mostbeard had harboured

Biorn Ketilson the king's outlaw, then sent he men to see him and

bade him begone from his lands, and fare as an outlaw even as

Biorn his friend, but if he come and meet the king and lay the

whole matter in his hand.  This was ten winters after Ingolf

Arnarson (2) had fared out to take up his abode in Iceland, and

that faring was grown to be very famous, because that those men

who came out from Iceland told of good choice of land therein.

ENDNOTES:

(1)  "He had the ward of Thor's temple there in the island, and

     was a great friend of Thor.  And therefore was he called

     Thorolf."  In all probability the case with Rolf had been

     the same as with his kinsmen, that, when he was dedicated to

     his tutelary god, his name was lengthened by adding Thor's

     name to it.  His own son, who first was called Stein, he

     dedicates to Thor under the name of Thorstein (Chapter VII).

     Thorstein again had a son, called Grim, who on being given

     by the father to Thor, was named Thorgrim.  That it was a

     common custom to give to children the name of a god, is

     attested to by Snorri in Ynglinga Saga, ch. 7: "From Odin's

     name was derived the name of Audunn, and in that manner men

     gave names to their sons.  But by Thor's name is called he

     who hights Thorir or Thorarin, or other names may be added

     thereto, as Stein-Thor or Haf-Thor with alterations in

     sundry other ways."  Another record, Hauksb6k, says: "Men of

     lore say, that it was the custom of ancient folk to derive

     the names of their sons or daughters from names of the gods,

     as Thorolf or Thorstein or Thorgrim from the name of Thor;

     so he who first hight Odd was from Thor named Thorod, even

     as Thormod sang of Snorri the Priest and his son Odd, whom

     he (Snorri) called Thorod; such, too, is the case with

     Thorberg, Thoralf, Thorleif, Thorgeir; and yet more names

     are derived from the names of the gods, though most be so

     from that of Thor.  In those days men were much in the wont

     of having two names, for that was thought most likely to

     lengthen life and give good luck; even should some folk

     curse them by the name of the gods, this was held to be of

     no scathe since they had another name (to trust in)," from

     Biorn of Skardsa's "Anall eptir Hauksbok, AM. 115, 8vo.,

     printed as "2 Anhang" to "Eyrbyggja Saga", ed. Vigfusson,

     1864).  If proof were wanted to show how, beyond all

     comparison, Thor was the most popular deity with the heathen

     Icelander, a reference to the index of personal names in our

     saga, and, for that matter, in all Icelandic sagas, will

     suffice.  Even in the present day Thor is, in this respect,

     beaten in the record by only one saint -- St. John.

(2)  Read Ingolf Ernson.

CHAPTER IV

Thorolf Most-Beard Comes Out To Iceland, And Sets Up House There.

Thorolf Most-Beard made a great sacrifice, and asked of Thor his

well-beloved friend whether he should make peace with the king,

or get him gone from out the land and seek other fortunes.  But

the Word showed Thorolf to Iceland; and thereafter he got for

himself a great ship meet for the main, and trimmed it for the

Iceland-faring, and had with him his kindred and his household

goods; and many friends of his betook themselves to faring with

him.  He pulled down the temple, and had with him most of the

timbers which had been therein, and mould moreover from under the

stall whereon Thor had sat.

Thereafter Thorolf sailed into the main sea, and had wind at

will, and made land, and sailed south along and west about

Reekness, and then fell the wind, and they saw that two big

bights cut into the land. (1)

Then Thorolf cast overboard the pillars of his high-seat, which

had been in the temple, and on one of them was Thor carven; (2)

withal he spake over them, that there he would abide in Iceland,

whereas Thor should let those pillars come a-land.

But when they drifted from off the ship they were borne towards

the westernmost firth in sight, and folk deemed that they went in

sooth no slower than might have been looked for.

After that came a sea breeze, and they sailed west about

Snowfellsness and stood into the firth.  There see they that the

firth is mighty broad and long, with great fells rising on either

side thereof.  Then Thorolf gave name to the firth and called it

Broadfirth.  He took land on the south side of the firth, nigh

the midmost, and laid his ship in the creek, which thereafter

they called Templewick.

Thereafter they espied the land and found on the outermost point

of a ness north of the bay that Thor was come a-land with the

pillars.  That was afterwards called Thorsness.

Thereafter Thorolf fared with fire through his land (3) out from

Staff-river in the west, and east to that river which is now

called Thors-river, (4) and settled his shipmates there. (5)  But

he set up for himself a great house at Templewick which he called

Templestead.  There he let build a temple, and a mighty house it

was.  There was a door in the side-wall and nearer to one end

thereof.  Within the door stood the pillars of the high-seat, and

nails were therein; they were called the Gods' nails.

Therewithin was there a great frith-place.  But off the inmost

house was there another house, of that fashion whereof now is the

choir of a church, and there stood a stall in the midst of the

floor in the fashion of an altar, and thereon lay a ring without

a join that weighed twenty ounces, and on that must men swear all

oaths; and that ring must the chief have on his arm at all

man-motes.

On the stall should also stand the blood-bowl, and therein the

blood-rod was, like unto a sprinkler, and therewith should be

sprinkled from the bowl that blood which is called "Hlaut", which

was that kind of blood which flowed when those beasts were

smitten who were sacrificed to the Gods.  But round about the

stall were the Gods arrayed in the Holy Place.

To that temple must all men pay toll, and be bound to follow the

temple-priest in all farings even as now are the thingmen of

chiefs.  But the chief must uphold the temple at his own charges,

so that it should not go to waste, and hold therein feasts of

sacrifice.

Now Thorolf called that ness Thorsness which lieth between

Swordfirth and Templewick; on the ness is a fell, and that fell

Thorolf held in such worship that he laid down that no man

unwashed should turn his eyes thither, and that nought should be

done to death on the fell, either man or beast, until it went

therefrom of its own will.  That fell he called Holy Fell, (6)

and he trowed that thither he should fare when he died, and all

his kindred from the ness.  On the tongue of the ness whereas

Thor had come a-land he made all dooms be held, and thereon he

set up a county Thing.

And so holy a place that was, that he would nowise that men

should defile the field with blood-shedding, and moreover none

should go thither for their needs, but to that end was appointed

a skerry called Dirtskerry.

Now Thorolf waxed of great largesse in his housekeeping, and had

many men about him; for in those days meat was good to get both

from the isles and from the take of the sea.

ENDNOTES:

(1)  "They saw that two big bights cut into the land."  We have

     added the word "two", which is required both by situation

     and context.  The edition reads ú "sa their at skarust i

     landit inn firthir storir."  The older reading, we take it,

     was: "sa their at skarust i landit inij firthir storir," and

     that an inadvertent scribe made of inij = inn ii, i.e., inn

     tveir (two), simply inn.  Our conjecture is borne out by the

     text itself, which in line 28 says: "they" (the pillars)

     "were borne towards the westerntnost firth," "sveif theim

     til ens vestra fjartharins", where the comparative, in

     connection with the definite article, makes it quite clear,

     that the westernmost firth was one of two firths already

     mentioned in the text.  This is also proved by the position

     of the ship.  It must have been on the latitude of

     Snowfellness; it had passed Reekness, the southern boundary

     of Faxebay, and now had in view the mountain ranges which

     formed the southern and northern littoral of Broadfirth.

     These two are the only big bights that cut into western

     Iceland, and no other bight or bay could be seen from on

     board Thorolf's ship.

(2)  "Thorolf cast overboard the pillars of his high-seat... and

     on one of them was Thor carven."  This is a general custom

     with the oldest settlers of Iceland while the island was

     still altogether, or to a great extent, a no man's land; but

     among the later settlers it gave way to other methods of

     land-take, when land was obtained under one form or another

     of contract.  Ingolf Ernson, the first settler, set the

     example, and so strong was his faith in the fortune that

     would be in store for his kindred if he settled where his

     high-seat pillars should come aland, that for three years he

     searched for them, and having passed through the best parts

     of the southern country, did not hesitate to plant his abode

     on the barren ness where, at last, the pillars were found

     ("Landnama", i. 7-8).  It is even related that a settler

     hearing, after ten or fifteen years, of the discovery of his

     high-seat pillars at the opposite end of the land, sold his

     estates, and took up his abode where they were found, though

     that was within the land-take of another settler

     ("Landnama", ib.).  Hallstein, son of Thorolf Mostbeard, who

     came to Iceland before he had become a householder (ch.

     vi.), and therefore had no high-seat pillars to plant in a

     new house of his own, made a vow to Thor, the family god,

     that he would deign to send him "high-seat pillars".

     Whereupon a tree drifted upon his land which was

     "sixty-three ells long and two fathoms round", and out of

     that he made high-seat pillars for himself, and supplied

     material for the same to "almost every house throughout the

     byfirths," the firths that cut into the northern littoral of

     Broadfirth ("Landnama", ii. 23).  There is a large number of

     instances relating to the high-seat pillars in connection

     with land-take in Iceland which we cannot enumerate here.

     Let it suffice to refer the reader especially to the

     "Landnamabok (Ingimund the Old, iii. 2; Crow (Kraku)-

     Hreidar, iii. 7; Lodmund the Old, iv. 5; Thorhad the Old,

     iv. 6; Hrollaug Rognwaldson, iv. 9, etc.), and for the

     solitary instance of a chief buried at sea on the voyage to

     Iceland, performing the function of Thor's pillars, to

     "Egilsaga", ch. xxvii.  The high-seat itself (ondvegi) was

     at this time arrayed in the middle of one of the side-

     benches of the hall; there was the chieftain's seat proper,

     on the nobler bench (ondvegi at aethra bekk), and the

     high-seat on the less noble bench (ondvegi a uaethra bekk),

     each facing the other.  Of the term "ondvegi" no

     satisfactory etymology has yet been found, nor is likely to

     be, until a misconception of long standing concerning the

     position of the wall against which it had its place is

     removed.  In the story of Olaf the Quiet, King of Norway,

     1066-93, it is stated, that in his day the high-seat in

     Norwegian halls was removed from the side wall to the dais

     at the inner gable end.  The sagaman adds, that heretofore

     the highseat proper, or the king's seat, always must "face

     the sun" ("Fornmannasogur", vi. 439-40).  From this it has

     been inferred that the high-seat always was on the northern

     side-bench of a hall, and that inference proceeds from the

     idea that the hall always turned east and west, which is

     obviously out of question.  The front of a hall was always

     that one of its side-walls on which were the two doors with

     which halls with the high-seats on the side-benches were

     furnished.  Built on the sea or lake shore, on the bank of a

     river, or on the underland of valleys, the front of the hall

     ran parallel with the line of the shore, and the course of

     the running water, and, where these determinating causes

     were not present, with the line of the highway.

     Consequently, its front could face at a right angle any

     point of the compass, whereby then it is given that with the

     high-seat bench the case was the same.  In a sword-age, when

     halls were built just as much for defensive purposes as for

     the comfort of the inmates, it stands obviously to reason,

     that the chief's seat should be planted where he could most

     easily command the view of the two weakest points of his

     stronghold, the two doors.  That point was the middle seat

     on the bench which ran along the wall that was opposite to

     that through which the doors led into the hall.  On that

     bench, therefore, we take it, the high-seat was always

     found.  This diagram shows the position of the high-seat,

     and its bearing towards the doors.

     ____________________________________________________________

     |                       high-seat                          |

     |          -----------------[]------------------           |

     |            nobler          *           bench             |

     |                        *       *                         |

     |                    *                *                    |

     |                *                        *                |

     |            *                                *            |

     |        * -----------------[]------------------  *        |

     |    *        less noble           bench              *    |

     |                       high-seat                          |

     |__________________________________________________________|

     With regard to the derivation of "ondvegi" we can offer but

     a slight hint: "ond" may be the term "ond" = porch, entrance

     hall, or the mutated adv. "and-" = against, opposite (so the

     Oxford Dictionary), as in "ond-verthr", onward; "vegi",

     which sometimes goes into "ugi", as "verthr" into "urthr",

     seems to be a collective neuter, formed from "vegr", way

     (cf. -menni from mann-, thythi from thjoth, birki, bjork,

     etc., etc.), and should thus mean "ways".  If we suppose

     that here, as in innumerable other instances in Icelandic,

     the noun which everyone had always in mind in speaking, was

     left out, namely, "saeti", seat, so that "ondvegi" stood

     instead of "ondvegis saeti", then we should have a perfectly

     intelligible expression for "the" seat, where the two ways

     met that lead up to the chief from either "ond" or door.

(3)  "Thorolf fared with fire through his land."  See vol. i.,

     xliwxlvi.

(4)  "Which is now called Thorsriver;" so the old edition.  We

     now prefer the reading of the last edition: "Which he

     called."

(5)  "Settled his shipmates there."  The original expression,

     "bygthi thar skipverjum sinum", is more technical: he gave

     lands to his crew, whom he made his tenants.  For an

     exhaustive account of the various relations between various

     kinds of tenants and their land-settling landlords, see K.

     Maurer, "Entstehung des islandischen Staats".

(6)  "That fell he called Holy Fell, and trowed that thither he

     should fare when he died and all his kindred from the ness."

     This belief in an earthly paradise after death seems to have

     been chiefly confined to the Broadfirth folk.  The

     "Landnama", on the authority of the lost saga of Thord the

     Yeller, records that the kindred of Aud the Deep-minded

     shared this belief with the Thorsnessings.  "She worshipped

     at Cross-knolls, where she had crosses raised up became she

     was baptized and truly Christian.  Her kindred afterwards

     had great worship for those knolls, and a temple was reared

     there when the service of sacrifice began to be done, and

     they trowed that they would die into the knolls, and therein

     was Thord the Yeller laid (buried) before he (*) took up his

     chiefship as is told in his story." -- Landnama ii 16, p.

     111.  Of Sel-Thorir, too, who, on his journey for the family

     abode which a mermaid had ordered to be planted where

     Thorir's mare, Skalm, should lie down under her loads, had

     lived for a year among the Broadfirth settlers, the

     "Landnama" (ii, 5) says, that he and his heathen kindred

     died into the Rocks of Thor (Thorsbjorg).  See endnote 1 to

     Chapter XXVIII.  (*) This "he" must refer to Thord the

     Yeller's son, Eyolf the Gray, and the "Landnama" passage

     must owe its senseless statement to the fact that the scribe

     did not know the sense of leitha = to bury, which, however,

     is a well-established one, e.g., Steinar's burying of his

     slave, Grani: "Steinar leiddi hann thar upp i holtunum" =

     Steinar buried him there up in = among the hillocks.

     "Egilsaga", ch. 84.  His story, of course, means Thord the

     Yeller's saga.

CHAPTER V

Biorn Ketilson Comes West-Over-The-Sea, But Will Not Abide There.

Now must we tell of Biorn, the son of Ketil Flatneb, that he

sailed West-over-the-sea when he and Thorolf Most-beard sundered

as is aforesaid.

He made for the South-isles; but when he came West-over-the-sea,

then was Ketil Flatneb his father dead, but he found there Helgi

his brother and his sisters, and they offered him good

entertainment with them.

But Biorn saw that they had another troth, and nowise manly it

seemed to him that they had cast off the faith that their kin had

held; and he had no heart to dwell therein, and would not take up

his abode there.  Yet was he the winter through with Auth his

sister and Thorstein her son.

But when they found that he would not be at one with his kindred,

they called him Biorn the Easterner, (1) and deemed it ill that

he would not abide there.

ENDNOTES:

(1)  "They called him Biorn the Easterner."  We have rendered

     "hinn austraeni" by "easterner" as the nearest term we could

     think of.  But it does not express the full sense of

     "austraenn" here.  Biorn found fault with his kinsmen for

     having changed their old faith for Christianity, and was so

     disgusted therewith that he had no heart to abide among

     them.  This was the cause of their conferring on him the

     nickname, as the saga expressly states.  Vigfusson, in

     Timatal, 224; supposes the reason of the giving of the

     surname to have been, that he alone of his kindred was left

     for some time behind in Norway; but there is no need of that

     explanation in face of the clear record of the story.  The

     sense of "austraenn", therefore, is Easterner, in the sense

     of Eastern-minded, wilfully clinging to Eastern follies (of

     Paganism); -raenn, therefore, conveys in this name the same

     sense as -raenn in einraenn, self-willed, whimsical, in both

     ancient and modern use of the word.