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talking about the complex workings of the "PPP cells"
that Sadecky describes, it is important to reiterate that the PPP
never existed as an organisation. It is also worth mentioning
that it takes very little in the way of examination before a series
of deep rooted contradictions come to light in Sadecky's writings. |
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Sadecky tells us that
the PPP were in fact formed out of an organisation called Progressive
Politics (PP). PP were said to have come into existence about 1957,
this was an important time in Soviet politics.
Kruschev had not long
given his famous speech to the Twentieth Congress of the Soviet
Union's Communist Party in which he denounced Stalin. With the resulting
thaw, an exodus of people with tales to tell came flooding out of
the forced labour camps, and the authorities found it almost impossible
to prevent them from communicating.
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It was Sadecky's claim
that PP were part of this new notion of de-Stalinsation. They still
held the ideals of the revolution close to their hearts, but despised
the oppression and totalitarianism of the Stalin years. They began
attending Komsomol meetings (the Communist Youth League), and publishing
anti-Stalinist leaflets and manifestos.
By 1960 PP began to become
more and more disillusioned, they realised they could never change
the status quo and decided to withdraw into isolation. After a period
of dabbling with Buddhism and other philosophies of passive resistance,
the PP began to investigate free love. They held wild parties that
usually involved large quantities of alcohol and often developed
into orgies.
One group member, Lydia
Borisovna Gal, was particularly involved at this time and it was
with her influence that they began to write and draw pornography.
PP still wanted to make statements about their political views and
as time wore on, the forbidden fruit of free love became normalised
and so PP became PPP and they combined their porn with their politics
within the pages of their samizdat magazine Mtsyry.
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"For
a start the membership was limited. At the time I knew them - that
is from 1961 to 1967 - there were 125 members from the USSR with,
six as it were part time, members from other Communist countries.
And the total membership never met together. It consisted of a number
of cells. Most of the Soviet Republics had one cell. The largest group,
naturally enough, was in the Russian Federation, which had three cells,
Moscow, Leningrad and Sverdlovsk. There were alot of Ukrainian members
too, about thirty-two in all, although some of these were living outside
of the Ukraine. The Kiev Cell, the one I knew the best, had twenty
members and the were groups of a similar size in Tbilsi, the capital
of the Georgian Republic, and in Erevan in Armenia. And there were
smaller groups as far away as Tashkent, Alma-Ata and Baku."
(SADECKY 1971 p.62) |
Locations
of PPP Cells
The map on
the left shows the locations of the PPP Cells Petr Sadecky described
in his book. Click on the locations to find out more information.
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| Sadecky
doesn't tell his readers how this chain of PPP cells developed over
such great distances, but he does tell us more about the communication
between them.
With time the PPP began
to develop an unwritten but rigid constitution, the groups never
met collectively but they each had a member known as the Spetsofitser
(Special Officer) who dealt with group admin and security. Communication
was only possible through the Samizdat magazines they published
and the procedure appeared to be the same for all involved.
Once the group had finished
preparing the contents of a particular issue, they would leave the
completed pages behind in their meeting place. When the members
returned for their next meeting the pages would already have gone
and several weeks later the printed magazine would appear in their
place. Sadecky presumed the Spetsofitser dealt with the printing.
They would also receive
copies of magazines from other cells in a similar fashion.
Each cell also had special
members in every region called Filosofi (Philosophers), these members
would gather as much information as possible from as many sources
as they could find. They would read all the papers with an eye for
inconsistencies, they would listen to western radio, and consume
countless intellectual and academic works on Communism to enable
them to produce critiques of the Soviet system.
The ideas for the Octobriana
strips came from the Filosofi, they would then discuss their ideas
with the rest of the group, usually know as he Khudozhniki (artists).
Once the plot had been established, the artists would go away and
produce their own individual sequence of frames. The next time they
met they would collectively choose the illustrations they felt told
the story most effectively. From here the finished strip would be
developed with each member working on their own individual specialties
such as figures, architecture and technology. The finished strips
were then inked by one person in order to give them the feel of
the work of a single creator working alone.
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