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Iran: Uranium enrichment

Iran nuclear, uranium enrichment:

U.N. IAEA and Security Council action, news, documents

• Bombing Iran's IAEA safe-guarded nuclear facilities

• Iran uranium timeline
• Congress committees
• Congress resolutions, war power
• IAEA, Security Council
• Analysis
• Israel
• John Bolton
• IR655
• Iraq wmd war timeline

This Page:

News

IAEA

Security Council

Scenarios:

1 U.N. Security Council orders Iran to suspend activities at its nuclear fuel cycle plants (uranium conversion and centrifuge enrichment).

Iran declines, asserting the order is unlawful.

U.S. destroys the plants, to enforce the order.

Iran retaliates against U.S. bases in Iraq.

U.S. second wave destroys Iran’s military and government.

U.S. “secures” Iran’s western oil fields, “for the benefit of the Iranian people.”

2 Israel attacks Iran (offense).
Iran retaliates against Israel (defense).
U.S. attacks Iran in “defense” of Israel (offense).

News

July 31 2006:

Iran ordered to suspend enrichment permanently

The U.N. Security Council, on July 31 2006, ordered Iran to suspend uranium enrichment (S/Res/1696).

This suspension order is permanent.

Because it cannot be revoked.

Without consent of the U.S. government.

Which can veto any revoking resolution.

Regardless of what the IAEA inspectors, or the 14 other members of the Security Council, may later say.

A very great failure of diplomacy, by the Russians.

Who should know better.

They watched, the maneuvers of a violent criminal regime, up close, when Adolph Hitler gripped the levers of power, for 12 years, in Germany.

They watched, the prima facie criminal U.S. war on Iraq, launched on a lie, and in violation of a Security Council resolution (S/Res/1441).

They watched, the prima facie criminal U.S. war on Gaza, and the rest of the Palestinians, by blockade, as a co-belligerent with Israel, with the prima facie criminal war aim, to overthrow their democratically elected government.

They watched, the prima facie criminal U.S. war on Lebanon, to increase a buffer zone, to defend the prima facie criminal land-grab, and unlawful military occupation, in the occupied territories, by their co-belligerent, Israel.

And now Iran.

The predicate for scenario 1 is now in place.

Politically, U.S. officials require nothing further, from the Security Council.

To attack Iran.

Except for whatever political show they desire to pretense, before the attack.

So they can chant, once again, their mantra, how irrelevant the Security Council is.

George W. Bush can now assert, that Iran has no legal right to continue uranium enrichment.

And, that the U.N. Security Council has determined, that any continuation constitutes a “threat” to international peace and security.

Even though that’s not what they said.

That must be what they meant.

George W. Bush will boldly assert.

Because the Security Council members all knew, they did not otherwise have legal authority, to adopt that order.

George W. Bush can simply declare diplomacy exhausted, the Security Council cowards, to confront the “threat” — which they, themselves, have recognized — and war as the only solution to that threat.

War is what the Israel-Jew Lobby wants.

And, what the Israel-Jew Lobby wants, Congress always provides.

Normally.

But, in the present political climate, some votes might disobey the Israel-Jew Lobby, citing a bankrupt nation, and many other reasons, no evidence, a failed war in Iraq, increased hatred of the U.S., and such.

In that event, if Congressional leaders judge, the vote would not be certain, George W. Bush would likely order the U.S. military to attack Iran anyway, without a vote in Congress, based on the authority he asserts he has, to do so, “to deter ... threats to U.S. interests.”

“U.S. interests”?

That’s code.

For Israel.

George W. Bush has declared, that history will judge him a hero, if he pursues his own vision, to remake the Middle East.

He has said, he is content to be judged by history, and so, is indifferent, to his present day critics.

His vision obviously requires plunging the entire Middle East into flames, in order to remake it.

The U.S. attack on Iran will be criminal.

And so too, the nuclear targets in Iran (“civilian objects”).

Creating the largest criminal trial in U.S. and world history, down the road, if an honest administration is ever elected, to control the U.S. Congress and the U.S. administration (very unlikely).

Only if Iran now files a lawsuit, in the U.N. International Justice of Court, can it overturn the Security Council resolution, and thereby neutralize George W. Bush’s rhetorical pretexts.

Unlike nearly every other case, this particular lawsuit, the U.S. cannot block and ignore.

Because the defendants would be the Security Council itself, and the IAEA.

The U.S. fears lawsuits.

Because it’s conduct is nearly always unlawful.

And usually criminal.

The U.S. does not permit lawsuits against itself, in U.S. courts, or international courts, for its international activities, including its violent crimes and intentional torts.

–CJHjr

IAEA

It’s about confidence-building.

It’s not about an imminent threat.

Mohamed ElBaradei (IAEA Director General), “Director General Briefs Press on Iran Nuclear Issue” (IAEA Board of Governors meeting, Vienna, February 2 2006).

• Olli Heinonen (IAEA Deputy Director General for Safeguards), Update Brief, Developments in the Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran and Agency Verification of Iran’s Suspension of Enrichment-related and Reprocessing Activities (IAEA document number: none, 31 January 2006) {82kb.pdf}.

• Text of IAEA's draft resolution on Iran (Associated Press, February 2 2006).

• IAEA Board of Governors, Resolution, adopted February 4 2006, Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IAEA Doc. GOV/2006/14, 4 February 2006) {44kb.pdf}.

• Mohamed ElBaradei (IAEA Director General), Report to the IAEA Board of Governors, Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IAEA Doc. GOV/2006/15, 27 February 2006, derestricted 8 March 2006) {80kb.pdf}.

• Mohamed ElBaradei (Director General, IAEA), report to the U.N. Security Council, Implementation of the safeguards agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolution 1737 (2006) in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IAEA Doc. GOV/2007/8, 22 February 2007) {64kb.pdf, iaea} (U.N. Doc. S/2007/100, February 22 2007) {447kb.pdf, ditto, also via this, this, or ODS, IAEA copy, iaea}.

• Mohamed ElBaradei (Director General, IAEA), report to the U.N. Security Council, Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and Relevant Provisions of Security Council Resolutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IAEA Doc. GOV/2007/22, 23 May 2007) {64kb.pdf, iaea, copy, isis}.

• Mohamed ElBaradei (Director General, IAEA), report to the U.N. Security Council, Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and Relevant Provisions of Security Council Resolutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran (“Report by the Director General”) (IAEA Doc. GOV/2007/48, 30 August 2007) {76kb.pdf, iaea}.

• Mohamed ElBaradei (Director General, IAEA), report to the U.N. Security Council, Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions 1737 (2006) and 1747 (2007) in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IAEA Doc. GOV/2007/48/Corr.1, 7 September 2007) {39kb.pdf, iaea}. Text: “Corrigendum. The title of the document has been changed to read as above.”

• Mohamed ElBaradei (Director General, IAEA), report to the U.N. Security Council, Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions 1737 (2006) and 1747 (2007) in the Islamic Republic of Iran (“Report by the Director General”) (IAEA Doc. GOV/2007/58, 15 November 2007) {74kb.pdf, iaea} {61kb.pdf, 133kb.pdf, isis}.

• Mohamed ElBaradei (Director General, IAEA), report to the U.N. Security Council, Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions 1737 (2006) and 1747 (2007) in the Islamic Republic of Iran (“Report by the Director General”) (IAEA Doc. GOV/2008/4, 22 February 2008) {78kb.pdf, iaea, 59kb.pdf, isis}.

• Mohamed ElBaradei (Director General, IAEA), report to the U.N. Security Council, Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), and 1803 (2008) in the Islamic Republic of Iran (“Report by the Director General”) (IAEA Doc. GOV/2008/15, 26 May 2008) {66kb.pdf, iaea, 140kb.pdf, isis, 140kb.pdf, casmii}.

____________________

Iran’s replies

• Iranian Nuclear Policy & Activities: Complementary Information to the Report of the Director General (GOV/2005/67) (September 12 2005) (Permanent Mission of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations and other International Organizations in Vienna, IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/657, 15 September 2005) {495kb.pdf}.

• Contradiction and Legal Problems of the Board of Governors Resolution on the Implementation of the NPT Safeguard Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran September 2005 (GOV/2005/77) (November 4 2005) (Permanent Mission of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations and other International Organizations in Vienna, IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/661, 17 November 2005) {401kb.pdf (image only), 275kb.pdf (image+text)}.

• Short Glance on Iranian Nuclear Issue (January 22 2006) (Permanent Mission of Islamic Republic of Iran to the International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/665, 27 January 2006) {1.7mb.pdf (image only), 230kb.pdf (image+text)}.

• Letter transmitting letter from Ali Ardashir Larijani (February 2 2006) (Secretary of the Supreme Security Council of Iran) to Mohamed ElBaradei (IAEA Director General) (Permanent Mission of Islamic Republic of Iran to the International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/666, 2 February 2006) {310kb.pdf (image only)}.

• Letter dated March 7 2006, transmitting this document: Complementary Information and Clarification Provided by the Islamic Republic of Iran on the report of the Director General to the Board of Governors on Implementation of Safeguards in the Islamic Republic of Iran (GOV/2006/15) (Permanent Mission of Islamic Republic of Iran to the International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/672, 8 March 2006) {81kb.pdf}.

U.N. Security Council

• U.N. Security Council, Resolution 1747 (March 24 2007), U.N. Doc. S/Res/1747 {via this, this, this, or ODS}, source, S/2007/170 {via this, this, or ODS}, adopted at, U.N. Security Council Meeting 5647 (Saturday, March 24 2007, 3:16-5:15 p.m., SC/8980), transcript, U.N. Doc. S/PV.5647 (?? pages) {via this, this, or ODS}, U.N. video {1:58:39, source, source}, press briefings (media stakeout, Security Council lobby), U.N. video, before the meeting, Qatar {3:00} (Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser), Indonesia {2:32} (Rezlan Ishar Jenie), after the meeting, U.S. {4:35} (Alejandro D. Wolff), EU3 {7:50} (U.K., France, Germany: Emyr Jones Parry, Jean-Marc de La Sabliere, Thomas Matussek), Russia {12:17} (Vitaly Churkin), South Africa {9:35} (Dumisani S. Kumalo), reported, “Security Council tightens sanctions against Iran over uranium enrichment” {pf} (U.N. News, March 24 2007), Jane O'Brien (BBC News, UN headquarters), “UN ratchets up pressure on Iran” {pf} (BBC News, March 24 2007), “UN backs fresh sanctions on Iran” {pf} (BBC News, March 25 2007), Laura Trevelyan (reporting), “UN backs fresh Iran sanctions,” BBC video (bb) {2:37 bb, BBC player}, statements at the meeting (all speakers are U.N. ambassadors, except for Iran), introduction {3:39} (Dumisani S. Kumalo, South Africa, president of the council for March), Qatar {3:48} (Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser), Congo {3:25} (Pascal Gayama), Indonesia {5:02} (Rezlan Ishar Jenie), South Africa {7:12} (Dumisani S. Kumalo), vote {1:10} (15/0/0), U.K. {9:27} (Emyr Jones Parry), France {8:19} (Jean-Marc de La Sabliere), U.S. {12:27} (Alejandro Wolff, acting ambassador), Russia {4:30} (Vitaly Churkin), China {6:14} (Wang Guangya), Panama {1:56} (Ricardo Alberto Arias), Slovakia {3:45} (Dušan Matulay), Belgium {2:32} (Johan C. Verbeke), Ghana {1:17} (Nana Effah-Apenteng), Iran {41:57} (Manoucher Mottaki, Iran Foreign Minister).

• U.N. Security Council, Resolution 1737 (December 23 2006), U.N. Doc. S/Res/1737 {51kb.pdf, also via this, this, this, or ODS}, adopted at, U.N. Security Council Meeting 5612 (Saturday, December 23 2006, 11:25-12:41 p.m., SC/8928), transcript, U.N. Doc. S/PV.5612 (13 pages) {82kb.pdf, also via this, this, or ODS}, U.N. video {1:18:40, source, source}, press briefings (media stakeout, Security Council lobby), U.N. video, before the meeting, U.K. (Emyr Jones Parry) {0:24}, after the meeting: EU3 (U.K., France, Germany: Emyr Jones Parry, Jean-Marc de La Sabliere, Thomas Matussek) {7:31}, Qatar (Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser) {7:17}, U.S. (Alejandro D. Wolff) {3:30}, Russia (Vitaly Churkin) {14:30}, reported, “Security Council imposes sanctions on Iran over uranium enrichment” {pf} (U.N. News, December 23 2006), “UN passes Iran nuclear sanctions” {pf} (BBC News, December 23 2006), Jill McGivering (reporting), BBC video (bb) {2:37 bb, source}, statements at the meeting, Emyr Jones Parry (U.K. U.N. Ambassador), BBC video (bb) {4:36 bb}, Alejandro Wolff (Acting U.S. U.N. Ambassador) {text, copy}, BBC video (bb) {5:48 bb}, Vitaly Churkin (Russia U.N. Ambassador) {text, copy}, BBC video (bb) {3:28 bb}, Javad Zarif (Iran U.N. Ambassador) {78kb.pdf, source}, U.N. video {29:22, 1:18:40, at 44:43, source, source}, Iran copy {28:45, 54.7kb.rm, source}.

• U.N. Security Council, Resolution 1696 (July 31 2006), U.N. Doc. S/Res/1696 {32kb.pdf, also via this, this, this, or ODS}, adopted at, U.N. Security Council Meeting 5500 (Wednesday, July 31 2006, 10:20-11:25 a.m., SC/8792), transcript, U.N. Doc. S/PV.5500 (12 pages) {73kb.pdf, also via this, this, or ODS}, U.N. video {1:18:17, source, source} (includes two subsequent short meetings, on Lebanon and Congo), C-Span video (10:20 a.m.) {1:24:30} (includes some subsequent media stakeouts), Javad Zarif (Iran U.N. Ambassador), statement at the meeting, {61kb.pdf, source}, U.N. video {28:48, 1:18:17, at 37:48, source, source}, Iran copy (larger) {28:48, 153mb.flv, source}, press briefings, after the meeting (media stakeout, Security Council lobby), U.N. video: U.S. (John Bolton) {9:12}, EU3 (Germany, U.K., France: Thomas Matussek, Emyr Jones Parry, Jean-Marc de La Sabliere) {18:32}, Qatar (Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser) {15:06}, Russia (Vitaly Churkin) {13:21}, reported, “UN Security Council Demands That Iran Suspend Nuclear Activities” {pf} (U.N. News, July 31 2006), “UN Issues Iran Nuclear Deadline” {pf} (BBC News, July 31 2006, 16:27 GMT).

• U.N. Security Council, Presidential Statement 2006/15 (March 29 2006), U.N. Doc. S/PRST/2006/15 {25kb.pdf, via this, this, or ODS}, adopted at, U.N. Security Council Meeting 5403 (Wednesday, March 29 2006, 4:30-4:35 p.m., SC/8679), transcript, U.N. Doc. S/PV.5403 (2 pages) {28kb.pdf, via this, this, or ODS}, video, U.N. video {8:18, source}, press briefings, before the meeting (media stakeout, Security Council lobby), U.N. video: P5 (U.K., France, China, U.S., Russia) {23:09}, press briefings, after the meeting (media stakeout, Security Council lobby), U.N. video: EU3 (France, U.K., Germany) {12:23}, U.S. (John Bolton) {07:00}, reported, “UN Security Council Calls on Iran to Suspend Enrichment-Related Activities” {pf} (U.N. News Service, March 29 2006). And see Louis Charbonneau (Reuters), “World Powers Meet in Berlin to Discuss Iran Crisis” {pf} (Washington Post, March 30 2006).

Previously:

• S/2006/80 (7 February 2006) {9362kb.pdf, via this or ODS}. Letter dated February 6 2006 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Implementation of the Safeguards Agreement between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons).

Annex

Letter dated 4 February 2006 from the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency addressed to the President of the Security Council

In paragraph 2 of resolution GOV/2006/14 of 4 February 2006 of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Board of Governors, the Board requested that I transmit to the Security Council all IAEA reports and resolutions, as adopted, relating to the implementation of the Safeguards Agreement between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the International Atomic Energy Agency in connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (see enclosures).

The Board also requested me to report to the Security Council the steps required of the Islamic Republic of Iran as specified in paragraph 1 of the same resolution.

I should be grateful if you would bring the present letter and its enclosures to the attention of all Members of the Security Council.

( Signed )

Mohamed ElBaradei

Enclosures

List of enclosures concerning the implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Reports/meeting records/update briefs	Page
Update brief by the Deputy Director General for Safeguards dated 31 January 2006	6
Report GOV/INF/2006/2 dated 10 January 2006	10
Report GOV/INF/2006/1 dated 3 January 2006	11
Report GOV/2005/87 dated 18 November 2005	12
Report GOV/lNF/2005/13 dated 2 November 2005	17
Report GOV/2005/67 dated 2 September 2005	18
Report GOV/2005/62 dated 10 August 2005	33
Report GOV/2005/61 dated 8 August 2005	34
Extract (paras. 48-61) from meeting record GOV/OR.1130 dated 16 June 2005	35
Extract (paras. 102-121) from meeting record GOV/OR.1119 dated 1 March 2005	38
Report GOV/2004/83 dated 15 November 2004	43
Report GOV/2004/60 dated 1 September 2004	75
Report GOV/2004/34/Corr.l dated 18 June 2004	98
Report GOV/2004/34 dated l June 2004	99
Report GOV/2004/11 dated 24 February 2004	119
Report GOV/2003/75 dated 10 November 2003	132
Report GOV/2003/63 dated 26 August 2003	161
Report GOV/2003/40 dated 6 June 2003	171
Extract (para. 24) from meeting record GOV/OR.1062 dated 17 March 2003	180
Resolutions/information circular/meeting record
Resolution GOV/2006/14 dated 4 February 2006	182
Result of roll-call vote taken on 4 February 2006 on draft resolution GOV/2006/12/Rev.l	185
Resolution GOV/2005/77 dated 24 September 2005	186
Result of roll-call vote taken on 24 September 2005 on draft resolution GOV/2005/76	188
Resolution GOV/2005/64 dated 11 August 2005	189
Information circular INFCIRC/648 dated 1 August 2005	191
Resolution GOV/2004/90 dated 29 November 2004	198
Resolution GOV/2004/79 dated 18 September 2004	200
Resolution GOV/2004/49 dated 18 June 2004	203
Resolution GOV/2004/21 dated 13 March 2004	206
Resolution GOV/2003/81 dated 26 November 2003	209
Resolution GOV/2003/69 dated 12 September 2003	212
Extract (paras. 52-58) from meeting record GOV/OR.1072 dated 19 June 2003	215

• S/2006/150 (9 March 2006) {584kb.pdf, via this or ODS}. Letter dated 8 March 2006 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council (Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran — Report by the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)).

Annex

Letter dated 8 March 2006 from the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency addressed to the President of the Security Council

Further to my communication dated 4 February 2006 sent to the President of the Security Council, and in accordance with paragraph 8 of resolution GOV/2006/14, adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency Board of Governors at its meeting on 4 February 2006, I convey herewith my report to the Board of Governors for its meeting commencing on 6 March 2006 on the implementation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran (GOV/2006/15, dated 27 February 2006) (see enclosure).

I should note that the Board of Governors did not adopt a resolution at its March meeting.

I should be grateful if you would bring the present letter and its enclosure to the attention of all members of the Security Council.

( Signed )

Mohamed ElBaradei

Enclosure

Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Report by the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, 27 February 2006 {IAEA Doc. GOV/2006/15, 27 February 2006, derestricted 8 March 2006} {80kb.pdf}.

• “Security Council consults on IAEA report relating to Iran’s nuclear ambitions” (U.N. News Service, March 17 2006). And see Evelyn Leopold (Reuters), “Britain, U.S., France upbeat on Iran agreement at UN” (Reuters, March 18 2006): “The 15 council members meet again on Tuesday.”

• U.N. Security Council, Presidential Statement (March 29 2006), U.N. Doc. S/PRST/2006/15 {25kb.pdf, via this, this, or ODS}, adopted at, U.N. Security Council Meeting 5403 (Wednesday, March 29 2006, 4:30-4:35 p.m., SC/8679), transcript, U.N. Doc. S/PV.5403 (2 pages) {28kb.pdf, via this, this, or ODS}, video, U.N. video {8:18, source}, press briefings, before the meeting (media stakeout, Security Council lobby), U.N. video: P5 (U.K., France, China, U.S., Russia) {23:09}, press briefings, after the meeting (media stakeout, Security Council lobby), U.N. video: EU3 (France, U.K., Germany) {12:23}, U.S. (John Bolton) {07:00}, reported, “UN Security Council Calls on Iran to Suspend Enrichment-Related Activities” {pf} (U.N. News Service, March 29 2006). And see Louis Charbonneau (Reuters), “World Powers Meet in Berlin to Discuss Iran Crisis” {pf} (Washington Post, March 30 2006).

• Javad Zarif (Iran U.N. Ambassador, from August 5 2002), prevented by the Security Council from speaking at its meeting, his reply (U.N. press conference, March 29 2006), U.N. video {37:55}.

• Javad Zarif (Iran U.N. Ambassador, from August 5 2002), interviewed by Wolf Blitzer (CNN News The Situation Room, March 30 2006, 5:00 p.m. ET)

Threat?

U.S., British and French diplomats secured Russian and Chinese support by ... dropping language hinting that Iran’s nuclear program constitutes a threat to international peace and security. ...

John R. Bolton, the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, insisted ... expressed frustration ... “Iran’s nuclear weapons program is unacceptable.”

Russia’s U.N. ambassador, Andrei Denisov, conceded that there are “suspicions, very strong suspicions” that Iran is developing nuclear weapons, but he said there is still no hard evidence ...

The IAEA ... acknowledges that Iran has the right to nuclear energy and that it cannot prove Iran is pursuing a nuclear weapons program.

Colum Lynch, “Security Council Pressures Tehran: Iran Is Urged to Halt Uranium Enrichment” {pf} (Washington Post, March 30 2006).

____________________

Query: “Is developing nuclear weapons”?

This is not what Andrei Denisov said.

Pay attention to your business, Mr. Lynch.

And your role, in promoting war.

By misquoting officials.

And omitting to quote, or report, the pertinent things they say.

Andrei Denisov said (quoted below):

“We have suspicions on intentions.”

“Only intentions.”

Not weapons development.

He did not say, “there are suspicions that Iran is developing nuclear weapons.”

As you erroneously reported, Mr. Lynch.

–CJHjr

Suspicion?

Suspicion is a state of mind of the accuser and not a state of mind or an act by the one accused.

It is a monstrous proposition containing the very essence of license that the state of mind of the accuser shall be the determining factor, in the absence of evidence of guilt, whether the accused shall or shall not be summarily executed. ...

The orders to execute such persons and mere suspects on suspicion only and without proof were criminal on their face.

Executions pursuant thereto were criminal.

Those who gave or passed down such orders must bear criminal responsibility for passing them down and for their implementation by the units subordinate to them.

• The High Command Case, 11 N.M.T. 462-697 (opinion), at 531 (U.S. Military Tribunal 5, Nürnberg Germany, trial, 5 February-August 13, judgment, October 27-28, 1948), volumes 10-11, Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10 (“Nuernberg, October 1946–April 1949”) (15 volumes, U.S. GPO, Washington D.C., 1949-1953) (“the green series”) {SuDoc: D 102.8, ditto, LCCNs: 49045929, 97071903, OCLC: 12799641, UC, WorldCat}, volume 10 (1951, 31+1308 pages) {55.9mb.pdf, source}, volume 11 (1951, 31+755 pages) {58.5mb.pdf}, also reported, Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (“Selected and Prepared by the United Nations War Crimes Commission”), volume 12, page 86 (15 volumes, U.K. HMSO, London, 1947-1949) {LCCNs: 47022747, 97080284, OCLC: 45912266, UC, WorldCat}.

Evidence?

Edi Lederer {1:20}: Mr. Ambassador?

Why was it important?

To drop the reference to “threats”?

To international peace and security?

Which is actually.

What the Security Council is responsible for.

Andrei Denisov: We haven’t dropped it.

We simply—

We didn’t insert it.

And that’s a different thing.

Edi Lederer: What is the difference?

Andrei Denisov: Because, you know—

When you speak about threat

To international peace and security.

You must have strong, clear, and legally approved evidence.

We don’t have such evidence.

That is the purpose.

Why we use International Atomic Energy Agency.

As a watchdog, specially designed, to provide such qualification, such verification, such approval.

For a time being, we have suspicions.

A very strong one.

But suspicions.

On intentions.

That intentions also have some, some, some evidence.

But it is only intentions.

So, from that point of view, the road—

It is like a ladder. You know. If you want to climb up, you must step on the first step. And then the second. And not try to leap.

That is the case.

Andrei Denisov (Russia’s U.N. Ambassador), questioned by Edith M. Lederer (Associated Press) (blog), in a media stakeout, shortly before a 3:30 p.m. private Security Council meeting, before Security Council meeting 5403 (March 29 2006, 4:30-4:35 p.m.) {video, 23:09, at 20:56}, excerpts quoted in Evelyn Leopold, Irwin Arieff (Reuters), “Wrapup 1—UN demands Iran stop uranium enrichment work” (Reuters, March 29 2006, 8:22 p.m. EST), and Warren Hoge, “U.N. Council Urges Iran to Halt Atom Activity” (New York Times, March 30 2006).

Question {English} {2:49 bb}: And to Foreign Minister Lavrov, specifically.

Given that yesterday’s Security Council statement.

Omits.

Apparently at your request.

Language calling Iran a threat

To international peace and security—

Do you think, that the regime is not that sort of threat?

Or, did you have other reasons, for opposing that language?

Sergei Lavrov {English}: In principle, Russia doesn’t believe that sanctions could achieve the purposes of settlement of various issues.

We believe, that there must be a balanced approach, of the international community, to each and every conflict, based on the international law, and based on the need to make sure, that all members of the international community fulfill their commitments and obligations.

And that’s how we all try to work, in case of the nuclear program of Iran.

And the key to this, is, the work of the IAEA, which has been supported yesterday, by the Security Council, aimed at clarifying all issues related to the past Iranian nuclear program.

The IAEA has reported, that it cannot yet testify, that there is no military aspect of this program.

But, at the same time, the last report of the IAEA says, that it cannot also assert, that there is a military aspect, to the Iranian nuclear program.

So.

Before we call any situation a threat

We need facts.

Especially, in the region like the Middle East, where so many things are happening.

We prefer, very strongly,

To base our specific actions

On specific facts.

And,

In this particular case,

The facts could be provided by the IAEA.

So far, they have not been provided.

Sergei Lavrov (Russian Foreign Minister), press conference (German Foreign Office, Berlin, March 30 2006) video {23:20, 109mb.wmv, 4mb.wmv, Q/A at 16:52-17:41(Q) and 18:30-20:31(A)}, transcribed “Press Availability After the P5+1 Meeting,” “Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Remarks with British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw, Chinese Deputy Foreign Minister Dai Bingguo, French Foreign Minister Philippe Douste-Blazy, German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and European Union High Representative Javier Solana” (U.S. State Department, 2006/T10-2, Berlin, March 30 2006), reported “Iranian Nuclear Program Must Be Solved Via IAEA Channels – Moscow” {copy} (Interfax, March 31 2006, citing a Russian Foreign Ministry statement), quoted Jeffrey Fleishman (Berlin), Alissa J. Rubin (Vienna), “Calm Is Urged in Iran Debate” {copy} (Los Angeles Times, March 31 2006), accord “Transcript of Remarks and a Reply to a Media Question by Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Sergey Lavrov at Press Conference of Foreign Ministers of Six States Following Consultations on Iranian Nuclear Program, Berlin, March 30, 2006” (Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 533-31-03-2006, March 31 2006).

• Javad Zarif (Iran U.N. Ambassador, from August 5 2002), “We Do Not Have a Nuclear Weapons Program” (New York Times, April 6 2006) {copy, copy}.

• Mohamed ElBaradei (IAEA Director General), Report to the IAEA Board of Governors, Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IAEA Doc. GOV/2006/27, April 28 2006) {85kb.pdf, copy}. Reported, “IAEA Report on Iran Sent to Security Council” (U.N. News Service, April 30 2006): “Unless the IAEA Board of Governors and Security Council decide otherwise, the Agency cannot authorize its release to the public.”

• Javad Zarif (Iran U.N. Ambassador, from August 5 2002), interviewed by Ray Suarez, “Newsmaker: Javad Zarif” (PBS: Public Broadcasting Service, NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, April 28 2006), video {bb} {13:35 bb}, audio {13:27}.

• Javad Zarif (Iran U.N. Ambassador, from August 5 2002), interviewed by Edward Stourton (BBC Radio 4, Today, April 29 2006, 7:49-7:57 a.m.), audio {7:26}, reported, “West Urges Tougher Line On Iran” {pf} (BBC News, April 29 2006).

• Javad Zarif (Iran U.N. Ambassador, from August 5 2002), interviewed by Steve Scully (C-Span, Washington Journal, May 3 2006), C-Span video {46:27}.

• France, Germany, U.K., U.S., Draft U.N. Security Council Resolution (Reuters, May 3 2006, 8:37 p.m. GMT).

• Edith M. Lederer (Associated Press), “U.N. to Present Iran Nuke Program Options” {pf} (Washington Post, May 9 2006).

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Charles Judson Harwood Jr.

CJHjr

Posted Jan. 29 2006. Updated July 27 2008.

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