I
have attended a few classes in adult education in Film
History and Analysis. There were a variety of people there.
Some were using the courses as an opening into university
education, some are not working and pursuing it for interest,
and some were hoping it wouldl give them a job.
Adult
education is like this. About ten years ago, there was
a problem with funding and people were worried if it would
be able to continue. Non-vocational courses were particularly
jeopardised. The centre where I went was is in a notoriously
depressed part of Manchester, but is clearly a thriving
community based venue. Adult education ranks very high
as a community activity in fragmented and alienating cities.
Film
for me has an underlying romantic aura, derived from childhood
and teenage years. As a social activity with family, friends
and then girlfriends, it is soaked with Saturday memories.
I recall my first film, when I stood up with excitement
and shouted "There's Bambi!" I remember watching
both Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and The Sound of
Music. The former frightened me (the child catcher)
and the latter upset me: I could sense that people were
very troubled (escaping the Germans), but could not understand
why.
As
a young teenager, the Pearl and Dean da da da da da
da da da da da da, da da da da da daaaa pow! was the
beginning of another delight, starting with a 20 or 30
minute support film. In the interval, a hot dog was part
of the treat. I recall a Sinbad adventure story, James
Bond films that my mother was not sure I should be watching
(all those half naked women), and a silly story based
around a car called Herbie.
I
remember trying to get into Ken Russell's Tommy
with a few other underage school-friends, and failing
to convince them that we were 18. We had been talking
about it all week, and the agony was particularly acute
because the accompanying girls did arrive - we were not
sure if they would - and they managed to get in without
us.
A
few years later, my first date with my first girlfriend
was at the same cinema. I cannot recall what we set out
to watch, but it was either full or not showing and my
credibility plummeted when the only alternative was Pete's
Dragon - a childish Disney story. We later watched
The Exorcist, Friday the 13th, and then
Friday the 13th 2, when I decided I did not like
horror films. We also watched one or two Bruce Lee movies,
which partly inspired me to begin karate lessons.
At
Lancaster University I used to go to film society presentations
in a lecture theatre, and occasionally at the Dukes Playhouse.
In Brighton I went to the complex on the sea front and
The Dukes, I think it was called, which was the art-house
venue. There I watched Peter Greenaway's Prospero's
Books and Ai no Corrida.
In
the classes, we talked about the early days of cinema,
and how New York Nickelodeons attracted vast numbers of
working class immigrants. For them, it was a wonderful
escape from daily ardour. This reminded me of one of my
favourites: Tornatore's Cinema Paradiso. It fits
perfectly my romantic delight in cinema, as an illusory
escape from reality: one of its central themes.
Cinema
and psychoanalysis were born at the same time. The Lumière
brothers screened their 'cinematograph', in 1895, when
Sigmund Freud and Joseph Breuer published Studies on
Hysteria. Cinema offered a collective sense of what
Freud called the uncanny: the screen images were both
familiar and strange, alive and also lifeless, real and
illusory. Film, psychoanalysis and the fashionable interest
in spiritualism and Theosophy reflected current social
consciousness. All three were an experiment with reality.
Bernardo
Bertolucci has been in psychoanalysis since the late Sixties,
and said
I
found that I had in my camera an additional lens which
was not Kodak, not Zeiss, but Freud. It is a lens which
really takes you very close to dreams. For me movies,
even before knowing Freud, have always been the closest
thing you can imagine to a dream. First of all, the movie
theatre in this amniotic darkness for me has always been
like a womb, so we are all dreamers, but dreamers in the
womb. We are there in the darkness. And it's very rare
having a collective dream all together. We're dreaming
with open eyes the same dream - which is the movie - which
we receive in different ways. If you ask at the exit of
the theatre what the story was, you will have many different
stories. I always felt that the time in a movie is not
the time of realism, it is not the 'real' time of the
watch, but it is the same time that you have in dreams.
We all know that in dreams time does not exist.
Childhood
experiences are commonly associated with cinema, in the
'amniotic darkness... like a womb'. Analyst Andrea Sabbadini
thinks that seeing a film 'is similar to what happens
in psychoanalysis' - for a brief period, you are taken
outside of your normal world into a timeless arena. 'And
then of course we have to emerge from it,' he says. 'We
leave the session or the cinema, and have to be careful
crossing the road.'
Sabbadini
adds that there can be something 'regressive' about spending
large amounts of time at the cinema. 'People who hide
in the dark of a cinema for hours a day are certainly
trying to avoid something about reality outside the cinema,'
he says. 'There's an element of addiction which is close
to being pathological.' Woody Allen once said
I
constantly escaped into the cinema... You would leave
your poor house behind and all your problems with school
and family and you would go into the cinema and there
they would have penthouses and white telephones and the
women were lovely and the men always had an appropriate
witticism to say and things were funny, but they always
turned out well, and the heroes were genuine heroes and
it was just great.
Many of his films depict in various ways his long-term
interest in psychoanalysis, and some of them explore the
boundaries between cinematic fiction and reality.
Cinema
Paradiso is one of my favourites films, because it
expresses many of these interests. It shows the childish
delight in cinematic escape, and a growing love for film
that culminates in an adult career. At the end, Salvatore
is presented with the censored film clips that he never
saw as a child. His childhood mentor saved them for him,
and his eyes fill with tears of delight, nostalgia, ironic
pleasure, love for his old friend, and lost years.