- A -

a - (as "a 1850") ante, before - not later than.

a. - [1] acre; [2] ampere; [3] anode; [4] atto-.

A. & M. - (Hymns) Ancient & Modern.

A.A. - [1] Automobile Association; [2] Anti-Aircraft; [3] Alcoholics Anonymous.

A.A.A. - Amateur Athletics Association.

A.A.C. - Army Air Corps.

A.A.F. - Auxiliary Air Force.

A.A.I. - Associate of the Auctioneers’ Institute.

A.A.I.P.A. - Associate of Incorporated Society of Auctioneers (sic Whitaker’s Almanac).

A.B. - Able rating or seaman [from Able Bodied]

A.B.S.I. - Associate of Boot and Shoe Industry.

A.C. - [1] Able Aircraftsman; [2] same as B.C - Before Christ (f. Latin Ante Christum); [3] alternating current.

A.C.A. - Associate of the Institute of Chartered Accountants.

A.C.C. - [1] Army Cyclist Corps (formed 1914; disbanded 1922); [2] Army Catering Corps (formed 1941).

A.C.C.S. - Associate of the Corporation of Certified Secretaries.

A.C.D. - Army Chaplains' Department (designated "Royal" 1919).

A.C.G.I. - Associate of the City and Guilds Institute.

A.C.I.A. - Associate of the Corporation of Insurance Agents.

A.C.I.B. - Associate of the Corporation of Insurance brokers.

A.C.I.S. - Associate of the Chartered Institute of Secretaries.

A.C.R.A. - Associate of the Corporation of Accountants.

A.C.T. - Australian Capital Territory.

A.D. - Anno Domini, in the year of our Lord.

A.D.C. - [1] Aide-de-Camp; [2] Army Dental Corps (formed 1921; designated "Royal" 1946).

A.D.C.Gen. - Aide-de-camp General.

A.E.C. - Army Educational Corps (designated "Royal" 1946).

A.F. - Anglo-French.

A.Fr. - Anglo-French.

A.F.A.S. - Associate of the Faculty of Architects and Surveyors.

A.F.C. - [1] Air Force Cross; [2] Association Football Club.

A.F.R. - Arbroath and Forfar Railway.

A.F.S. - Auxiliary Fire Service.

A.H. - (Anno Hegirae), in the year of Hegira.

A.H.Cps - Army Hospital Corps (British Army)

A.H.W.C. - Associate of the Heriot-Watt College.

A.I.A. - Associate of the Institute of Actuaries.

A.I.A.A. - Associate Member of the Incorporated Association of Architects.

A.I.A.C. - Associate of the Institute of Company Accountants.

A.I.A.S. - Associate Member of the Incorporated Association of Surveyors.

A.I.B. - Associate of the Institute of Bankers.

A.I.C. - Associate of the Institute of Chemistry.

A.I.C.S. - Associate of the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers.

A.I.F. - Australian Imperial Forces (WW 1).

A.I.I.A. - Associate of the Institute of Industrial Administration.

A.I.Loco.E. - Associate of the Institute of Locomotive Engineers.

A.I.M.T.A. - Associate of the Institute of Municipal Treasurers and Accountants.

A.I.O.B. - Associate of the Institute of Builders.

A.I.S.A. - Associate of the Institute of Secretaries’ Association.

A.Inst.P. - Associate of the Institute of Physics.

A.J.R. - Axholme Joint Railway.

a.k.a. - also known as, alias.

A.K.C. - Associate of King’s College.

A.L. - (Anno Lucis), In the year of Light.

A.L.A. - Associate of the Library Association.

A.L.A.A. - Associate of the London Association of Certified Accountants.

A.M., a.m. - [1] (ante meridiem), before noon; [2] (Anno mundi), In the year of the world.

A.M.C. - Art Master’s Certificate.

A.M.D.G. - to the greater glory of God (f. L. ad majorem Die gloriam).

A.M.I.A.E. - Associate Member of the Institute of Automobile Engineers.

A.M.I.Chem.E. - Associate Member of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.

A.M.I.E.E. - Associate Member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers.

A.M.I.Loco.E. - Associate Member of the Institute of Locomotive Engineers.

A.M.I.Mech.E. - Associate Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.

A.M.Inst.T. - Associate Member of the Institute of Transport.

A.M.S. - Army Medical Service or Staff.

A.N.C.B. - Army & Navy Canteen Board

A.O.C. - Army Ordnance Corps (designated "Royal" 1918).

A.P.C. - Army Pay Corps.

A.P.D. - Army Pay Department (designated "Royal" 1919).

A.P.T.C. - Army Physical Training Corps (formed 1940).

a.r. - in the year of the reign (L anno regni).

A.R.A. - Associate of the Royal Academy.

A.R.A.M. - Associate of the Royal Academy of Music.

A.R.C.M. - Associate of the Royal College of Music.

A.R.C.O. - Associate of the Royal College of Organists.

A.R.C.S. - Associate of the Royal College of Science.

A.R.I.B.A. - Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects.

A.R.P. - Air Raid Precautions.

A.R.P.S. - Associate of the Royal Photographic Society.

A.R.R.C. - Associate of the Royal Red Cross.

A.R.S. - Army Remount Service.

A.R.S.M. - Associate of the Royal School of Mines.

A.R.San.I. - Associate of the Royal Sanitary Institute.

A.R.T.C. - Associate of the Royal Technical College (Glasgow).

A.R.W.S. - Associate of the Royal Society of Painters and Water Colours.

A.S. - [1] Anglo-Saxon; [2] (Anno Salvatoris or Salutis), In the year of Salvation.

A.S.A. - Amateur Swimming Association.

A.S.A.A. - Associate of the Society of Incorporated Accountants and Auditors.

A.S.C. - Army Service Corps (designated "Royal" 1918).

A.S.H. - The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise's).

A.S.L.E.F. - Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen.

A.S.P.L. - Aberdeen Steam Packet Line.

A.T.C. - Air Training Corps.

A.T.I. - Associate of the Textile Institute.

A.T.S. - Auxiliary Territorial Service.

A.U.C. - (Anno urbis conditae), In the year from the foundation of Rome.

A.V. Authorised Version.

A.V.C. - Army Veterinary Corps (designated "Royal" 1918).

A.W.C.R. - Aberystwyth and Welsh Coast Railway.

A.W.O.L. - absent without leave (military).

A.Y. - The Ayrshire Yeomanry (Earl of Carrick's Own).

a/c - account (f. account current).

abbrev. - abbreviation (of).

ABD - Aberdeenshire (CCC).

Abp. - Archbishop.

abr. - abridged, abridgment

absol. - absolute(ly).

abstr. - abstract(s).

abt. - about.

acad. - academic, academy.

accel. - accelerando, with increasing rapidity (music).

acct - account.

ACGB - Arts Council of Great Britain.

ACIS - Associate of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators (formerly the Chartered Institute of Secretaries).

ACP - African, Caribbean, and Pacific.

acpt. - acceptance.

act. - active.

ACTU - Australian Council of Trade Unions.

ad inf. - ad infinitum.

ad lib. - ad libitum, at pleasure.

ad val. - ad valorem of a tax imposed at a rate proportional to the stated or estimated value (tax on goods) [L, according to the value].

ADAS - Agricultural Development and Advisory Service.

Add. - Addenda.

Adj. - Adjutant.

adm. - [1] administration, [2] administrator, [3] admitted.

Adm. - Admiral.

admin. - [1] administration, [2] administrator.

Admon - Letters of Administration (when died intestate).

ADR - American Depositary Receipt.

Adv. - Advance.

adv. - [1] adverb; adverbial [2] against [L adversus ].

advt. - advertisement.

ae - age, aged.

AEA - Atomic Energy Authority.

AEB - Associated Examining Board.

AEC - Atomic Energy Commission - a US organization.

AEI - Associated Electrical Industries (in the 1960’s became part of GEC).

AERE - Atomic Energy Research Establishment.

Aeronaut. - [1] Aeronautics; [2] Aeronautical.

aet., aetat. - of the specific age; aged [L aetatis].

AEU - Amalgamated Engineering Union - now AUEW.

AFA - Amateur Football Association.

AFAM - Ancient Free and Accepted Masons.

aff. - affidavit.

AFL-CIO - American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations.

AFM - Air Force Medal.

Afr. - Africa(n).

AFRC - Agriculture and Food Research Council.

aft. - after.

AFV - armoured fighting vehicle.

AG - [1] adjutant general, [2] attorney general [3] joint-stock company [Ger Aktiengesellschaft].

Ag. L. - Agricultural Labourer

Ag. Lab. - Agricultural Labourer (1841-81 Census)

AGRA - Association of Genealogists and Record Agents.

agric. - agriculture, agricultural.

AGM - chiefly British, an annual general meeting (e.g. of a society or company).

AGSM - Associate of the Guildhall School of Music.

AGY - Anglesey (In April 1974, the island of Anglesey became part of Gwynedd) (CCC).

AH - anno hegirae - used before a date.

AJC - Australian Jockey Club.

aka - also known as, alias.

ALA - Associate of the Library Association.

Alb. - Albanian.

ald. - alderman.

Alc - Alice.

ALD - Alderney, Channel Islands (CCC).

ALS - autograph letter signed.

als - alias.

alt. - [1] alternate, [2] altitude, [3] alto.

Am. - [1] America; American, [2] Amos.

AMDEA - Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Electrical Appliances.

AMDG - to the greater glory of God [L ad majorem Dei gloriam]

Amer. - American.

Anat. Anatomy; Anatomical.

ANC - African National Congress.

Anc. - Ancient.

Anglo-Ind. - Anglo-Indian.

Anglo-Ir. - Anglo-Irish.

ann. - [1] annals, [2] annual, [3] annuity, [4] anon - anonymous.

anon - anonymous.

ANS - Angus (An old name for Forfarshire) (CCC).

ANSI - American National Standards Institute.

ANT - Antrim (CCC).

Antiq. - Antiquities; Antiquity.

Anzac - Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.

AOC - Air Officer Commanding.

Ap. - Apprentice (1841-61 Census)

app. - apparently; appointed.

appl. - applied, application.

appos. - appositive, appositively.

Apr. April.

apt. - apartment.

aq - aqua, water.

Arab. - Arabic.

ARCA - Associate of the Royal College of Art.

arch. - [1] archaic, [2] architect; architectural; architecture.

Arch. - archbishop.

ARCM - Associate of the Royal College of Music.

ARCS - Associate of the Royal College of Science.

ARIBA - Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects.

ARL - Argyllshire (Includes islands: Islay, Jura and Mull) (CCC).

ARM - Armagh (CCC).

Arm. - Armagh.

Army - Members of HM land forces of whatever rank (1841 Census)

ARPS - Associate of the Royal Photographic Society.

arr. - [1] music arranged by, [2] arrival; arrives.

art. - [1] article, [2] artificial, [3] artillery.

ASA - [1] Advertising Standards Authority, [2] Amateur Swimming Association, [3] American Standards Association.

ASCII - a computer code consisting of 128 7-bit characters that is used for representing characters as binary numbers storable in a computer memory [A merican S tandard C ode for I nformation I nterchange].

ASE - Amalgamated Society of Engineers.

ASEAN - Association of South-East Asian Nations.

ASL - American Sign Language.

ASLEF - Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen.

assgn. - assign, assignee.

assn. - association.

assoc. - association.

Assoc.M.I.C.E. - Associate Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers.

ASSR - Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

asst - assistant.

Astr. - Astronomy.

Astrol. - Astrology.

Astron. - Astronomy.

Astronaut. - Astronautic(s).

atba - able to bear arms.

atm. - atmosphere.

attrib. - attributive, -ly.

att. - attorney.

ATV - [1] all-terrain vehicle, [2] Associated Television.

AUEW - Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers.

Aug. - August.

Austral. - Australian.

AUT - Association of University Teachers.

Autobiogr. - Autobiography, -ical

av - average; avoirdupois.

Ave. - Avenue.

AVM - Air Vice Marshal.

AVN - Avon (CCC).

AWACS - airborne warning and control system.

AWB - Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging: a right-wing Afrikaner political group in South Africa.

AYR - Ayrshire (CCC).

az. - azimuth.

- B -

b. - [1] born, [2] cricket bowled by, [3] breadth, [4] cricket bye.

B. - [1] bachelor, [2] black - used especially on lead pencils, [3] British.

B.A. - Baccalaureus Artium, Bachelor of Arts.

B.A.C. - [1] British Agricultural Council, [2] British Aircraft Corporation.

B.A.C.S.A. - British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia.

B.A.L.H. - British Association for Local History.

B.A.L.R. - Burton & Ashby Light Railway.

B.A.O. - Bachelor of Obstectrics.

B.Arch. - Bachelor of Architecture.

B.B.C. - British Broadcasting Association.

B.C. - [1] Before Christ, [2] British Columbia.

B.C.E. - [1] Before the Common Era, [2] Bachelor of Civil Engineering.

B.C.L. - Bachelor of Civil Law.

B.C.R. - Bishop's Castle Railway.

B.Ch. - Bachelor of Surgery.

B.Com. - Bachelor of Commerce.

B.D. - Baccalaureus Divinitatis, Bachelor of Divinity.

B.D.A. - British Dental Association.

B.D.J.R. - Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway.

B.D.S. - [1] Bachelor of Dental Surgery; [2] Boom Defence Service.

B.E. - [1] Bachelor of Education; [2] Bachelor of Engineering; [3] bill of exchange.

B.E.A. - British European Airways.

B.E.F. - British Expeditionary Force.

B.E.M. - British Empire Medal.

B.E.R. - Bristol and Exeter Railway.

B.Ed. - Bachelor of Education.

B.Eng. - Bachelor of Engineering.

B.G.R. - Birmingham and Gloucester Railway.

B.H.R. - The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment.

b.i.d. - twice a day - used in prescriptions [L bis in die].

b/f - brought forward.

B.J.R. - Branding Junction Railway.

B.L. - [1] Baccalaureus Legum, Bachelor of Laws; [2] bill of lading; [3] British Library.

B.L.C.J.R. - Birkenhead, Lancs and Cheshire Junction Railway.

B.L.R. - Bala Lake Railway.

B.Lit. - Baccalaureus Literarum, Bachelor of Literature.

B.Litt. - Baccalaureus Litterarus Bachelor of Letters

B.M. - [1] Baccalaureus Medicinae, Bachelor of Medicine; [2] British Library.

B.M.A. - British Medical Association.

B.M.E. - Bachelor of Mining Engineering.

B.M.R. - Brecon Mountain Railway.

B.M.T.J.R. - Brecon & Merthyr Tydfil Junction Railway Company.

B.Mus. - Baccalaureus Musicae, Bachelor of Music.

B.N.C. - Brasenose College, Oxford.

B.O.A.C. - British Overseas Airways Corporation.

B/P - bill payable.

B.P.G.V.R. - Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway.

B.P.R. - Bolton and Preston Railway.

B.Phil. - Baccalaureus Philosophiae, Bachelor of Philosophy.

B/R - bill receivable.

B.R. - [1] Barry Railway Company. [2] Birkenhead Railway Company, [3] The Bedfordshire Regiment; [4] The Border Regiment; [5] British Rail(ways).

B.R.C.S. - British Red Cross Society.

B.S. - [1] Bachelor of Surgery; [2] Bachelor of Science (see B.Sc.); [3] British Standard.

B.S.A. - Birmingham Small Arms (Company).

B.S.I. - British Standards Institute.

B.S.P.L. - Barrow Steam Packet Line.

B.S.V.R. - Birmingham, Wolverhampton and Stour Valley Railway.

B.S.W.R. - Baker Street and Waterloo Railway.

B.Sc. - Baccalaureus Scientiae, Bachelor of Science.

B.Sc.Tech. - Bachelor of Technical Science.

B.T.R. - Blyth & Tyne Railway.

B.V.M. - Blessed Virgin Mary.

B.W. - The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment).

B.W.A.R. - Bideford, Westward Ho! and Appledore Railway.

B.W.I. - British West Indies.

B.W.I.R. - British West Indies Regiment (raised 1915; disbanded 1921).

B.W.V.R. - Brynmawr and Western Valleys Joint (GW & LNW) Railways.

B.Y. - [1] The Bedfordshire Yeomanry; [2] The Berkshire Yeomanry (Dragoons),(Hungerford).

b/o - brother of.

BAe - British Aerospace.

BAFTA - British Academy of Film and Television Arts.

bal. - balance - used in book-keeping.

BALPA - British Airline Pilots' Association.

BAN - Banffshire (CCC).

BAOR - British Army of the Rhine.

bap. - baptised.

BAPS - British Association of Plastic Surgeons.

bapt. - baptised.

Bapt. - Baptist.

BArch - Bachelor of Architecture.

Bart. - Baronet.

BB - [1] Boys' Brigade, [2] double black - used on lead pencils.

BBBC - British Boxing Board of Control.

BBC - British Broadcasting Corporation.

BBFC - British Board of Film Censors.

bbl. - barrel(s).

BBS - Bulletin Board System - phone dial up connection for PC's.

BCC - British Council of Churches.

BCG vaccine, a vaccine used to protect people against tuberculosis [B acillus C almette-Guerin, fr Albert Calmette 1933 and Camille Guerin 1961 Fr bacteriologists].

BCh - Bachelor of Surgery [ML baccalaureus chirurgiae ].

BCom - Bachelor of Commerce.

bd - [1] bond, [2] bound.

BD - [1] Bachelor of Divinity, [2] bank draft, [3] barrels per day, [4] brought down.

Bde. - Brigade.

BDF - Bedfordshire (CCC).

BEA - British European Airways - now BA.

Beds - Bedfordshire.

bef. - before.

BEM - British Empire Medal.

BEng - Bachelor of Engineering.

beq. - bequest, bequeathed.

Berks - Berkshire.

betw. - between.

BEW - Berwickshire (CCC).

BFPO - British Forces Post Office.

BG - brigadier general.

BGC - British Gas Council.

Bibliogr. - Bibliography, -ical.

b-i-l - brother-in-law.

BIM - British Institute of Management.

Biochem. - Biochemistry, -ical.

biog. - biography.

Biol. - Biology, - ical.

BIR - Board of Inland Revenue.

bk - [1] bank; [2] book.

BKM - Buckinghamshire (CCC).

BL - [1] Bachelor of Law, [2] bill of lading, [3] British Legion, [4] British Leyland (motorcar company), [5] British Library.

Bl. S. - Black Smith

bldg - building.

BLitt - Bachelor of Letters [ML baccalaureus litterarum ].

blvd. - boulevard.

BMD - Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Bn. - Battalion.

bo. - boarder.

BOR - Borders (CCC).

Bot. - Botany, -ical.

bp. - [1] baptised, [2] birth place.

Bp. - Bishop.

Br. - [1] British; [2] Brother.

br. - [1] brought; [2] brother.

BRE - Breconshire (Also known as Brecknockshire) (CCC).

Brig. - Brigadier.

Brig. Gen. - Brigadier General.

Brit. - Britain, British.

BRK - Berkshire (CCC).

bro. - brother.

bros - brothers.

BT - Bishop's Transcript (parish registers).

Bt. - Baronet.

btwn. - between.

But. - Butcher.

bu. - bushel(s).

Bucks - Buckinghamshire.

Buffs, The - East Kent Regiment.

Bulg. - Bulgarian.

bur. - buried.

BUT - Bute (Consists of islands Arran and Bute) (CCC).

- C -

c - [1] carat; [2] cent; [3] circa; [4] copyright.

c. - (as 19th c.) - century.

c. - circa about.

C. - Conservatve.

C. of E. - Church of England.

c.& b. - caught and bowled (Cricket).

C.A. - [1] Chartered Accountant; [2] County Alderman.

C.A.S. - Corps of Army Schoolmasters (disbanded 1920).

C.B. - [1] Companion (of the Order) of the Bath; [2] confined to barracks.

C.B.E. - Commander (of the Order) of the British Empire.

C.C. - [1] County Cricket; [2] Common or County Council.

C.C.C. - Corpus Christi College.

C.C.F. - Combined Cadet Force.

C.C.R. - Carmarthen & Cardigan Railway.

C.D. - Civil Defence.

C.D.A. - College Diploma in Agriculture.

C.D.H. - College Diploma in Horticuture.

C.E. - Church of England; [2] Civil Engineer; [3] Common Era.

C.Eng. - Chartered Engineer.

c.f. - carried forward.

C.F. - Chaplain to the Forces.

C.G. - [1] Coast Guard; [2] Coldstream Guards.

C.G.M. - Conspicuous Gallantry Medal.

C.G.S. - Chief of General Staff.

C.H. - Companion of Honour (decoration).

C.H.P.R. - Cromford & High Peak Railway.

C.H.R. - Chester & Holyhead Railway Company.

C.I. - [1] Channel islands; [2] Lady of the Imperial Order of the Crown of India (decoration)..

C.I.A. - Central Intelligence Agency.

C.I.D. - [1] Criminal Investigation Department; [2] Committee of Imperial Defence.

C.I.E. - Companion (of the Order) of the Indian Empire.

c.i.f. - (usually cif.) cost, insurance, freight.

C.I.G.S. - Chief of Imperial General Staff.

C.J. - Chief Justice.

C.L.B. - Church Lads’ Brigade.

C.L.Y. - County of London Yeomanry (Westminster Dragoons),(Sharpshooters),(Rough Riders).

C.Lit. - Companion of Literature.

C.M. - (Chirurgiae Magister), Master of Surgery.

C.M.D.P.R. - Cleobury & Mortimer & Dutton Priors Railway.

C.M.F.P. - Corps of Military Foot Police.

C.M.G. - Companion (of the Order) of St. Michael & St. George (decoration).

C.M.M.P. - Corps of Military Mounted Police.

C.M.P. - Corps of Military Police (designated "Royal" 1946).

C.M.S. - Church Missionary Society.

C.N.A.A. - Council for National Academic Awards.

C.O. - Commanding Officer.

C.O.I. - Central Office of Information.

C.O.P.E.C. - Conference on Politics, Economics and Christianity.

C.O.S. - Charity Organisation Society.

C.P. - [1] Command Post; [2] Cape Province; [3] Communist Party; [4] (Australian) Country Party.

c.p. - candle power.

C.P.O. - Chief Petty Officer.

C.P.R. - Canadian Pacific Railway.

C.R. - [1] Caledonian Railway Company. [2] Cambrian Railways Company. [3] Cardiff Railway Company. [4] Cornwall Railway; [5] The Cheshire Regiment; [6] The Connaught Rangers (disbanded 1922); [7] The Cyprus Regiment (formed 1940; disbanded 1950); [8] Community of the Resurrection.

C.R.E. - Corps of Royal Engineers.

C.R.O. - County Record Office.

C.R.P. - Clyde River Patrol.

C.S. - [1] Chartered Surveyor; [2] Civil Service; [3] Court of Sessions; [4] Continuous Service.

C.S.C. - [1] Civil Service Commission; [2] Conspicuous Service Cross (decoration).

C.S.E. - Certificate of Secondary Education.

C.S.I. - Companion (of the Order) of the Star of India (decoration).

C.S.I.R.O. - (Australian) Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation.

C.S.M. - Company Sergeant-Major.

C.S.M.M.G. - Chartered Society of Massage and Medical Gymnastics.

C.T.C. - Cyclists’ Touring Club.

C.U. - Cambridge University.

C.U.P. - Cambridge University Press.

C.V.O. - Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (decoration).

cwt. - hundredweight.

C.W.J.R. - Cleaton & Workington Junction Railway Company.

C.W.R. - Canterbury & Whitstable Railway.

C.Y. - The Cheshire Yeomanry (Earl of Chester's).

c/o - care of.

c18 - Eighteenth century (etc.).

ca. - circa (about).

CAE - Caernarvonshire (CCC).

CAI - Caithness (CCC).

cal - calendar.

Cal. - Calendar.

Calif. - California.

CAM - Cambridgeshire (Also known as Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely) (CCC).

Cambs - Cambridgeshire (Also known as Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely).

Cameronians, The - Scottish Rifles.

Can. - Canada.

Canad. - Canadian.

Cantab - Cambridge.

Cantuar - Canterbury.

Cap. - (Chapter), Number of Act of Parliament.

Capt. - Captain.

capt. - captured, captive.

CAR - Carlow (CCC).

Cards - Cardiganshire.

Carp. - Carpenter.

Catal. - Catalogue.

CAV - Cavan (CCC).

CCC - Chapman County Code.

Cd. - Commissioned.

Cdr. - Commander.

Cdre. - Commodore.

Celt. - Celtic.

cem. - cemetery.

CEN - Central (CCC).

Cent. - Century, Central.

cert. - certificate, certified, certain.

Cert.Ed. - Certificate in Education.

cf. - (confer); compare.

CGN - Cardiganshire (CCC).

Ch. - [2] chapter; [2] child, children; [3] Church.

Ch.B. - Bachelor of Surgery (f. L. Chirurgiae Baccalaureus).

Ch.Ch. - Christ Church.

Ch.M. - Master of Surgery (f. L. Chirurgiae Magister).

chap - chapter.

Chas. - Charles.

Chem. - Chemistry, -ical.

chh. - church.

chr. - Christened.

Chr. - Christian.

Chron. - Chronicle.

chronol. - Chronology, -ical.

CHS - Cheshire (CCC).

CIV(MI) - City Imperial Volunteers (Mounted Infantry)

C-in-C - Commander-in-Chief.

Cinemat., Cinematogr. - Cinematography.

cir. - around, about.

cit. - citato (the work cited).

Cl. - Clerk (1841-61 Census)

cl. L. - classical Latin.

CLA - Clare.

Clin. - Clinical.

CLK - Clackmannanshire (CCC).

CLRO - The Corporation Of London Records Office, Guildhall, London EC2P 2EJ Tel 0171 332 1251.

CLV - Cleveland (CCC).

CMA - Cumbria (CCC).

Cmdr. - Commander.

Cmdre. - Commodore.

CMN - Carmarthenshire (CCC).

cnr. - corner.

Co., co. - [1] company; [2] county.

cogn. w. - cognate with.

coh. - co-heir.

Col. - [1] Colonel, [2] Colony.

Coll. - Collection.

collect. - collective, -ly.

colloq. - colloquial, -ly.

Comb. - Combinations.

comb. - combined, -ing.

Comdr. - Commander.

Commo. - Commodore.

Communic. - Communications.

Comp. - Company (as on banknotes).

comp. - compound, composition.

Compan. - Companion.

compar. - comparative.

compl. - [1] complement; [2] complete.

CON - Cornwall (Includes the Isles of Scilly) (CCC).

Con. (contra), Against.

Conc. - Concise.

concr. - concrete, -ly.

Conf. - Conference.

Congr. - Congress.

const. - construction, construed with.

contr. - contrast (with).

Contrib. - Contribution.

COR - Cork (CCC).

Corn - Cornwall (Includes the Isles of Scilly).

Corp. - [1] Corporal; [2] Corporation.

corr. - correspondence.

corresp. - corresponding (to).

Coy. - Company (military).

cpd. - compound.

Cpl. - Corporal.

Cr. - [2] Councillor; [2] creditor.

cresc. - crescendo, gradual increase of tone (music).

Crit. - criticism, critical.

Cryst. - Crystallography.

ct - [1] carrat; [2] cent.

Ct. - Court.

CUL - Cumberland (CCC).

CWD - Clwyd (CCC).

- D -

d. - [1] denarius, [2] a penny coin; [3] died, [4] days, [5] daughter.

D.A. - District Attorney.

D.B. - Deed Book.

D.B.E. - Dame Commander (of the Order) of the British Empire (decoration).

D.C. - [1] da capo, from the beginning (music); [2] District of Columbia; [3] District Commissioner.

D.C.B. - Dame Commander (of the Order) of the Bath (decoration).

d.c.e. - Writ of diem clausit extremum (he has closed his last day).

D.C.H. - 1st County of London Yeomanry (Middlesex, Duke of Cambridge's Hussars).

D.C.L. - [1] Doctor of Canon Law; [2] Doctor of Civil Law.

D.C.L.I. - The Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry.

D.C.M. - Distinguished Conduct Medal.

D.C.M.G. - Dame Commander (of the Order) of St. Michael & St. George (decoration).

D.C.V.O. - Dame Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (decoration).

D.D. - Divinitatis Doctor, Doctor of Divinity.

D.D.S. - Doctor of Dental Surgery.

D.E.W. - Distant Early Warning.

D.Eng. - Doctor of Engineering.

D.F. - Defender of the Faith.

D.F.C. - Distinguished Flying Cross.

D.F.M. - Distinguished Flying Medal.

D.G. - [1] Director General; [2] (Dei gratia), By the Grace of God.

D.I. - Defence Intelligence.

D.I.C. - Diploma of the Imperial College.

D.L.- Deputy Lieutenant.

D.L.C. - Doctor of Celtic Literature.

D.L.I. - The Durham Light Infantry.

D.L.O.Y. - The Duke of Lancaster's Own Yeomanry.

D.Lit(t). - Doctor of Literature.

D.Litt. - Doctor of Letters (f. L. Doctor Litterarum).

D.M.D. - Doctor of Dental Medicine.

D.M.R.E. - Diploma in the Medical Radiology and Electology.

D.M.Z. - demilitarized zone.

D.Mus. - Doctor Musicae, Doctor of Music.

D.N.B. - Dictionary of National Biography.

D.O. - Diploma of Ophthalmology (Oxford).

D.O.A. - dead on arrival (at hospital).

D.O.E. - Department of the Environment.

D.O.M. - (Dominus Omnium Magister), Motto of the Benedictine Order.

D.O.M.S. - Diploma in Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery.

D.OE.C. - Diploma in Ecconomics.

D.P. - Displaced Person.

D.P.H. - Diploma in Public Heath.

D.P.H. - Diploma of Public Health.

D.P.M. - Diploma in Psychological Medicine.

D.P.P. - Director of Public Prosecutions.

D.Phil. - Doctor of Philosophy.

D.R. - [1] The Devonshire Regiment; [2] The Dorsetshire Regiment.

D.R. - District Railway Company.

D.R.O. - Diocesan Record Office.

D.S.C. - Distinguished Service Cross.

D.S.M. - Distinguished Service Medal.

D.S.O. - Distinguished Service Order.

d.s.p. - decessit sine prole (died without legitimate issue)

D.S.P.L. - Dover Steam Packet Line.

d.s.p.m. - died without male issue

D.Sc. - Doctor of Science.

D.T.(s) - delirium tremens.

D.T.M. - Diploma in Tropical Medicines.

d.unm. - died unmarried.

D.V. - (Deo volente); God willing.

d.v.p. - decessit vitae patre (died in father's lifetime).

D.V.S.M. - Diploma in Veterinary State Medicine.

D.W.R. - The Duke of Wellington’s Regiment (West Riding).

D.Y. - [1] The Denbighshire Yeomanry (Hussars); [2] The Derbyshire Yeomanry; [3] The Dorset Yeomanry (Queen's Own).

d.y. - died young.

D.Y.O.L.S.H. - The Suffolk Yeomanry (The Duke of York's Own Loyal Suffolk Hussars).

d/o - daughter of.

da - deca-

Da. - Danish.

dat. - dative.

dau. - daughter.

DBY - Derbyshire (CCC).

D-Day - day on which any military operation is scheduled to begin.

Dea. - Deacon.

deb. - debate(s).

dec. - deceased.

Dec. - December.

dec'd - deceased.

decd. - deceased.

def. - definite, -ition.

del. - (delineavit),, He (she) drew it.

dem. - demonstrative.

DEN - Denbighshire (CCC).

dep. - deputy, deposed.

depos. - deposed, deposition.

dept. - department.

Derbys - Derbyshire.

deriv. - derivative, -ation.

derog. - derogatory.

descr. - description, -tive.

descs. - descendants.

DEV - Devon, Devonshire (CCC).

devel. - development, -al.

DFD - Dyfed (CCC).

DFS - Dumfries-shire (CCC).

DGY - Dumfries and Galloway (CCC).

diagn. - diagnosis, diagnostic.

dial. - dialect, -al.

Dict. - dictionary.

dim. - diminuendo, gradual decrease of tone (music).

dim. - diminutive.

Dip. - Diploma.

Dip.A.D. - Diploma in Art and Design.

Dip.Ed. - Diploma in Education.

Dis. - Disease.

Diss. - Dissertation.

dist. - district.

div. - divorce(d), division.

DNB - Dunbartonshire (CCC).

D-notice - Official request to news editors not to publish items on specified subjects, for reasons of security.

do. - ditto, the same.

DoD - Department of Defense (USA).

DON - Donegal (CCC).

DOR - Dorset (CCC).

DOW - Down (CCC).

doz. - dozen.

DR - Death Record.

Dr. - [1] Doctor; [2] Drive.

dr. drachm(s), drachma(s).

Dr.Hy. - Doctor of Hygiene.

Du. - Dutch.

DUB - Dublin (CCC).

DUR - Durham (Durham is often referred to as County Durham. No other English county is normally prefixed in this way) (CCC).

dwt. - deadweight ton; pennyweight.

Dy. - Dorothy.

- E -

E. - East.

E. & E.O. - Errors and omissions excepted.

E.C.R. - Eastern Counties Railway.

E.D. - Efficiency Decoration.

E.E. - [1] electrical engineer; [2] Early English.

e.g. - exempli gratia, for example.

E.L.R. - The East Lancashire Regiment.

E.L.R.(J.C.) - [1] East London Railway Joint Committee. [2] East Lincolnshire Railway Joint Committee.

E.N.S.A. - Entertainment National Service Association.

E.P.N.S. - Electroplated Nickel Silver.

E.R. - [1] King Edward (f. L. Edwardus Rex); [2] Queen Elizabeth (f. L. Elizabetha Regina), [3] Exeter Railway; [4] The Essex Regiment.

E.R.A. - Engine Room Artificer.

E.R.Y.Y. - The East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry.

E.S.R. - The East Surrey Regiment.

E.V.R. - Eden Valley Railway.

E.W.J.R. - East & West Junction Railway.

E.Y. - The Essex Yeomanry.

E.Y.R. - The East Yorkshire Regiment (The Duke of York's Own).

Ebor - York.

Eccl. - Ecclesiastical.

Ecol. - Ecology.

Econ. - Economy, -ics.

ed. - edition; editor; education.

Edin. - Edinburgh.

Edm. - Edmund.

Educ. - Education, -al.

Edw. - Edward.

Electr. - Electricity, -ical.

Elem. - Element, -ary.

ellipt. - elliptical, -ly.

ELN - East Lothian (CCC).

Em. - Emma or Emily.

Embryol. - Embryology.

encl. - enclosed.

Encycl. - Encyclopaedia, -ic.

Eng. - England, English.

Engin. - Engineering.

Engl. - England, English.

enl. - enlisted.

Ens. - Ensign.

Ent. - Entomology.

Entomol. - Entomological.

Ep. - Epistle.

erron. - erroneous(ly).

ERY - East Riding of Yorkshire (CCC).

esp. - especially.

Esq. - Esquire.

ESS - Essex (CCC).

ess. - essay(s).

est. - established.

est. - estate, estimate.

et al. - (et alibi), and elsewhere; (et alii), and others.

et seq. - (et sequens), and the following; (et sequentes, et sequentia), and those that follow.

etc. - et cetera, and so on.

Etym. - Etymology.

euphem. - euphemistically.

exam. - examination.

exc. - except.

exec. - executor, executed.

exerc. - exercise(s).

exper. - experiment(al).

explor. - exploration(s).

Ezek. - Ezekiel (O.T.).

- F -

f - forte, loud (music).

F. - Fellow of.

f. - franc (French money); following (page).

F.A. - Football Association.

F.A.A. - Fleet Air Arm.

F.A.I. - Fellow of Auctioneers’ Institute.

F.A.L.P.A. - Fellow of Incorporate Society of Auctioneers, &c.

F.A.N.C. - First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (formed 1909).

F.A.N.Y. - First Aid Nursing Yeomanry.

F.B.A. - Fellow of the British Academy.

F.B.A. - Fellow of the British Academy.

F.B.A.A. - Fellow of British Association of Accountants and Auditors.

F.B.I. - Federal Bureau of Investigation.

F.B.I. - Federation of British Industries.

F.B.S.I. - Fellow of the Boot and Shoe Industry.

F.C. - Football Club.

F.C.A. - Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants.

F.C.C.S - Fellow of the Corporation of Certified Secretaries.

F.C.G.I. - Fellow of the City and Guilds Institute.

F.C.I.A. - Fellow of the Corporation of Insurance Agents.

F.C.I.B. - Fellow of the Corporation of Insurance Brokers.

F.C.I.I. - Fellow of the Chartered Insurance Institute.

F.C.I.S. - Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Secretaries.

F.C.O. - Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

F.C.R.A. - Fellow of the Corporation of Accountants.

F.C.S. - Fellow of the Chemical Society.

F.C.W.A. - Fellow of the Institution of Cost and Works Accountants.

F.D. - (Fidei Defensor), Defender of the Faith.

F.D. - Defender of the Faith.

F.E.I.S. - Fellow of the Educational Institute of Scotland.

F.F.A. - Fellow of Faculty of Actuaries in Scotland.

F.F.A.S. - Fellow of Faculty of Architects and Surveyors.

F.F.Y. - The Fifeshire and Forfarshire Yeomanry.

F.G.S. - Fellow of the Geological Society.

F.H. - Fire Hydrant.

F.H.A.S - Fellow of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland.

F.I.A. - Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries.

F.I.A.A. - Fellow Architect Member of the Incorporated Association of Architects.

F.I.A.C. - Fellow of the Institute of Company Accountants.

F.I.A.S. - Fellow Surveyor Member of the Incorporated Association of Surveyors.

F.I.Arb. - Fellow of the Institute of Arbitrators.

F.I.C. - Fellow of the Institute of Chemistry.

F.I.C.S. - Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers.

F.I.H. - Fellow of the Institute of Hygiene.

F.I.I.A. - Fellow of the Institute of Industrial Administration.

F.I.M.T.A. - Fellow of the Institute of Municipal Treasurers and Accountants.

F.I.O. - Fellow of the Institute of Ophthalmic Opticians.

F.I.O.B. - Fellow of the Institution of Builders.

F.I.S.A. - Fellow of Incorporated Secretaries Association.

F.I.W.T. - Fellow of the Institute of Wireless Technology.

F.Inst.P. - Fellow of the Institute of Physics.

F.J.I. - Fellow of the Institute of Journalists.

F.L.A. - Fellow of the Library Association.

F.L.A.A. - Fellow of the London Association of Certified Accountants.

F.L.A.S. - Fellow of the Land Agents Society.

F.L.G.A. - Fellow of the Local Government Association.

F.L.Q. - Front de Libération du Québec.

F.L.S. - Fellow of the Linnean Society.

F.M. -Field Marshall.

F.M.S. - Federation of Malay States.

F.M.S. - Fellow of the Medical Society.

F.O. - [1] Foreign Office [2] Flying Officer.

F.R. - Furness Railway Company.

F.R.A.I. - Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute.

F.R.A.M. - Fellow of the Royal Academy of Music.

F.R.A.S. - Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society.

F.R.Ac.S. - Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society.

F.R.C.M. - Fellow of the Royal College of Music.

F.R.C.O. - Fellow of the Royal College of Organists.

F.R.C.P. - Fellow of Royal College of Physicians.

F.R.C.P. - Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London.

F.R.C.P.Ed. - Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

F.R.C.P.I. - Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland.

F.R.C.S. - Fellow of Royal College of Surgeons.

F.R.C.S. - Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons.

F.R.C.S.Ed. - Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

F.R.C.S.I. - Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland.

F.R.C.V.S. - Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons.

F.R.Econ.S. - Fellow of the Royal Economic Society.

F.R.F.P.S.G. - Fellow of the Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow.

F.R.G.S. - Fellow of Royal Geographical Society.

F.R.G.S. - Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.

F.R.H.S. - Fellow of the Royal Horticultural Society.

F.R.Hist.Soc. - Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.

F.R.I.B.A. - Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects.

F.R.M.S. - Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society.

F.R.Met.Soc. - Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society.

F.R.O.A. - Fellow of the British Optical Association.

F.R.P.S. - Fellow of the Royal Photographic Society.

F.R.S. - [1] Fellow of the Royal Society; [2] Federal Reserve System.

F.R.S. - Fellow of the Royal Society.

F.R.S.A. - Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.

F.R.S.E. - Fellow of the royal Society of Edinburgh.

F.R.S.E. - Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

F.R.S.L. - Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.

F.R.San.I. - Fellow of the Royal Sanitary Institute.

F.R.V.A. - Fellow of the Incorporated Association of Rating and Valuation Officers.

F.S. - Female Servant (1841 Census)

F.S.A. - Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.

F.S.A.A. - Fellow of the Society of Incorporated Accountants and Auditors.

F.S.I. - Fellow of the Chartered Surveyors Institution.

F.S.M.S. - Fellow of the Spectacle-Makers Company.

F.S.S. - Fellow of the Statistical Society.

F.T.I. - Fellow of the Textile Institute.

F.Z.S. - Fellow of the Zoological Society.

f/o - father of.

fam. - family.

FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions.

Fcp. - foolscap (paper size).

Feb. - February.

Fec. (fecit), He did it.

fed - federal; federation.

fem. - feminine.

FER - Fermanagh (CCC).

ff - [1] fortissimo, very loud (music); [2] folios; [3] following (pages).

FFHS - Federation of Family History Societies, Benson Room, Birmingham & Midland Institute, Margaret Street Birmingham, B3 3BS.

FHC - Family History Center (LDS satellite centers).

FHL - Family History Library (LDS main library in Utah).

FHLC - Family History Library Catalogue.

FHS - Family History Society.

FIF - Fife (CCC).

fig. - figurative, -ly.

f-i-l - father-in-law.

Finn. - Finnish.

fl. - floruit, 'flourished'.

FLN - Flintshire (CCC).

Flt. Lt. - Flight Lieutenant.

Flt. Off. - Flight Officer.

Flt. Sgt. - Flight Sergeant.

fm. - fathom.

FOB. - Free on board.

Found. - Foundation(s).

Fr. - French.

FRC - Family Records Centre, 1 Myddelton Street, London EC1R 1UW Tel: 0171 233 9233.

freq. - frequent(ly).

Fri. - Friday.

Fris. - Frisian.

ft - [1] feet; [2] foot; [3] fort.

fund. - fundamental(s).

fwd. - forward.

- G -

G. - German.

G.B. - Great Britain.

G.B.E. - Knight (or Dame) Grand Cross (of the Order) of the British Empire (decoration).

G.C. - George Cross (decoration).

G.C.B. - Knight (or Dame) Grand Cross (of the Order) of the Bath (decoration).

G.C.E. - General Certificate of Education.

G.C.I.E. - Knight Grand Commander (of the Order) of the Indian Empire (decoration).

G.C.M.G. - Knight (or Dame) Grand Cross (of the Order) of St. Michael and St. George (decoration).

G.C.R. - Great Central Railway Company.

G.C.S.I. - Knight Grand Commander (of the Order) of the Star of India (decoration).

G.C.V.O. - Knight (or Dame) Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (decoration).

G.E.R. - Great Eastern Railway Company.

G.G. - [1] Governor-General; [2] Grenadier Guards.

G.H. - [1] The Gordon Highlanders; [2] The Green Howards (Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own Yorkshire Regiment), [3] Greenwich Hospital.

G.H.Q. - General Headquarters.

G.I. - for or pertaining to U.S. armed forces or servicemen.

G.M. - George Medal.

G.M.G.R. - Guards Machine Gun Regiment (formed 1915; disbanded 1919).

G.N.E.R. - Great North of England Railway.

G.N.R. - Great Northern Railway Company.

G.O.C.(in C.) - General Officer Commanding (in Chief).

G.P. - [1] General Practitioner (doctor); [2] Grand Prix.

G.P.O. - General Post Office.

G.P.R. - The Glider Pilot Regiment (formed 1941; disbanded 1957).

G.R. - [1] King George (f. L. Georgius Rex); [2] The Gloucestershire Regiment.

G.R.A.M. - Graduate of the Royal Academy of Music.

G.R.C.M. - Graduate of the Royal College of Music.

G.R.S.M. - Graduate of the Royal Schools of Music.

G.S.W.R. - Glasgow & South Western Railway Company.

G.W.M.R. - Great Western & Midland Railways.

G.W.R. - Great Western Railway Company.

G.Y. - The Glamorganshire Yeomanry.

Gael. - Gaelic.

GAL - Galway (CCC).

gal. - gallon; gallons.

Gar. - Gardener.

Gaz. - Gazette.

Gdn(s) - Garden(s).

geb - Born (From German, geboren).

GED - Extension name of GEDCOM computer files.

GEDCOM - GEnealogical Data COMmunications.

g. gelding.

Gen. - [1] General (military); [2] Genesis.

gen. - [1] general, -ly.; [2] generation, [3] genealogy.

Gent. - Gentleman (a title, not an adjective).

Geogr. - Geography, -ical.

Geol. - Geology, -ical.

Geom. - Geometry.

Ger. - German.

gest - died (from German, gestorben).

GLA - Glamorgan (CCC).

Glam - Glamorgan.

GLC - Greater London Council.

Glos - Gloucestershire.

Gloss. - Glossary.

GLRO - Greater London Record Office (changed to LMA 1996) 40 Northampton Road, London EC1R OHB.

GLS - Gloucestershire (CCC).

G-man - Federal criminal-investigation officer (f. Government + Man).

Gmc. - Germanic.

GMP - Grampian (CCC).

GMT - Greenwich mean time.

Gnr. Gunner.

gns. - guineas.

GNT - Gwent (CCC).

GOONS - Guild Of One Name Studies.

Goth. - Gothic.

Gov. - [1] Government; [2] Governor.

govt - government.

Govt. - Government.

Gp. Capt. - Group Captain.

GR - Grave, gravestone.

Gr. - Grade.

gr. - grant (as in land), granted.

Gr. - Greek.

gr. [1] grain(s); [2] grams; [3] gross.

Gram. - Grammar, -tical.

GRD - Genealogical Research Directory.

gr-father - grand-father.

gr-gr-father - great-grandfather.

GRO - General Register Office, part of ONS, search rooms at 1 Myddelton Street, London EC1R 1UW Tel: 0171 233 9233.

GS - gravestone.

GSY - Guernsey, Channel Islands (CCC).

Gt. - Great.

GTM - Greater Manchester (CCC).

GWN - Gwynedd (In April 1974, the island of Anglesey became part of Gwynedd) (CCC).

- H -

h. - [1] heir; [2] husband; [3] hecto-; [4] horse; [5] hot; [6] hour(s).

H.A.C. - Honourable Artillery Company.

H.B.M. - His (Her) Britannic Majesty(‘s).

H.B.R. - Hull & Barnsley Railway Company.

H.C. - [1] House of Commons; [2] Holy Communion.

H.C.F. - [1] highest common factor; [2] Honorary Chaplain to the Forces.

H.C.T.C. - High Commission Territories Corps (formed 1942; disbanded 1955).

H.E. - [1] high explosive; [2] His Eminence; [3] His (Her) Excellency.

H.E.W. - Department of Health, Education and Welfare.

H.G. [ 1] His or Her Grace; [2] Home Guard.

H.G.D.H. - His (Her) Grand Ducal Highness.

H.H. - [1] His (Her) Highness; [2] His Holiness.

H.H.R. - Hull & Holderness Railway.

H.I. - Hawaiian Islands.

H.I.H. - His (Her) Imperial Highness.

H.I.M. - His (Her) Imperial Majesty.

H.J.R. - Hampstead Junction Railway.

H.J.S. - (Hic jacet sepultus), Here lies buried (cf. H.S.E.).

H.K. - [1] Hong Kong; [2] House of Keys.

H.L. - House of Lords.

H.L.I. - The Highland Light Infantry (City of Glasgow Regiment).

H.M. - [1] headmaster or headmistress, [2] His (Her) Majesty(‘s).

H.M.A.S. - His (Her) Majesty’s Australian Ship.

H.M.C.S. - His (Her) Majesty’s Canadian Ship.

H.M.I. - His (Her) Majesty’s Inspector (of Schools).

H.M.N.Z.S. - His (Her) Majesty’s New Zealand Ship.

H.M.S. - His (or Her) Majesty's Ship (or Service).

H.M.S.O. - His (Her) Majesty’s Stationary Office.

H.N.C. - Higher National Certificate.

H.N.D. - Higher National Diploma.

H.P. - Members of HM armed forces on half-pay (1841 Census)

h.p. - [1] half-pay, [2] horse power.

H.Q. - Headquarters.

H.R. - [1] The Hampshire Regiment (designated "Royal" 1946); [2] The Highland Regiment (formed 1942; disbanded 1949), Highland Railway Company.

H.R.H. - His (Her) Royal Highness.

H.S.E. - (Hic sepultus est), Here lies buried (cf. H.J.S.).

H.S.H. - His (Her) Serene Highness.

H.S.P.L. - [1] Harwich Steam Packet Line. [2] Holyhead Steam Packet Line. [3] Hull Steam Packet Line.

H.S.R. - Hull & Selby Railway Company.

H.W.M. - high-water mark.

H.Y. - [1] The Hampshire Yeomanry (Carabiniers); [2] The Hertfordshire Yeomanry.

h/o - husband of.

HAM - Hampshire (CCC).

Hants - Hampshire (Hants derives from Hantshaving, the original name for this county).

Heb. - Hebrew.

Hebr. - Hebrew.

HEF - Herefordshire (CCC).

Her. - Heraldry.

Herts - Hertfordshire.

hf. - half.

hh. - hands

hhd. - hogshead.

H-hour - hour at which a military operation is to begin.

Hind. - Hindustani.

hist. - historical, history, historian.

Hist. - History, -ical.

Hist.Soc. - Historical Society.

Histol. - Histology, -ical.

HLD - Highland (Includes the island of Skye) (CCC).

ho. - house.

Hon. - [1] Honorable (title, not an adjective); [2] Honour.

hon. - honorary.

Hort. - Horticulture.

househ. - household.

housek. - housekeeping.

hp - horsepower.

hq - headquarters.

hr - hour.

hr(s). hour(s).

HRT - Hertfordshire (CCC).

HUM - Humberside (CCC).

HUN - Huntingdonshire (Also known as Huntingdon and Peterborough) (CCC).

Hunts - Huntingdonshire.

husb. - husband.

HWR - Hereford and Worcester (CCC).

hwy - highway.

Hy. - Henry.

- I -

I. - Island(s), Isle(s).

I.A. - Indian Army.

I.A.R.O. - Indian Army Reserve of Officers.

I.C. - Intelligence Corps (formed 1913).

I.C.E. - [1] Institution of Civil Engineers; [2] internal combustion engine.

I.C.S. - Indian Civil Service.

i.e. - id est, that is.

I.E.E. - Institute of Electrical Engineers.

I.G. - Irish Guards (raised 1900).

I.H.S. - (Jesus Hominium Salvator), Jesus the Saviour of Mankind.

I.L. - Institute of Linguists.

I.L.P. - Independent Labour Party.

I.M.M. - Institution of Mining and Metallurgy.

I.M.S. - Indian Medical Service.

I.Mech.E. - Institution of Mechanical Engineers.

I.Mun.E. - Institution of Municipal Engineers.

I.N.R.I. - Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews (f. L. Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaerum).

I.O.O.F. - Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

I.O.W. - Isle of Wight.

i.p.m. - Inquisition post mortem.

I.R.A. - Irish Republican Army.

I.S.B.N. - international standard book number.

I.S.C. - Indian Staff Corp (later Indian Army).

I.S.O. - Imperial Service Order.

I.W.C.R. - Isle of Wight Central Railway Company.

I.W.& D. - Inland Waterways & Docks (Railway)

ib., ibid. - ibidem, in the same place, in the same book or passage.

id. - idem, the same.

IE. - Indo-European.

IGI - International Genealogical Index

IGS - Irish Genealogical Society.

IHGS - Institute of Heraldic and Genealogical Studies.

ILL - Inter-Library Loan.

illus - illustrated.

Illustr. - Illustration, -ted.

imit. - imitative.

Immunol. - Immunology.

imp. - imperative.

impers. - impersonal.

impf. - imperfect.

in. - inch; inches.

inc. - incorporated; inclusive.

Ind. - Independent - people living on their own means (1841 Census)

ind. - indicative.

indef. - indefinite.

Industr. - Industry, -ial.

inf. - [1] infantry; [2] infant; [3] information [4] infancy; [5] infinitive.

infl. - influenced.

Inorg. - Inorganic.

Ins. - Insurance.

inst. - instant (last, as in Wednesday inst.)

Inst. - Institute, -tion.

int. - [1] intention; [2] interred; [3] interjection.

intl - international.

intr. - intransitive.

Introd. - Introduction.

INV - Inverness-shire (Includes islands: Lewis (part), North Uist, South Uist, and Skye) (CCC).

inv. - inventory.

IOM - Isle of Man I.O.M (CCC).

IOU - I owe you.

IOW - Isle of Wight (Before October 1974, the Isle of Wight was administered with the county of Hampshire) (CCC).

Ir. - Irish.

IRC - International Reply Coupon.

irreg. - irregular, -ly.

ISBN - International Standard Book Number.

ISSN - International Standard Serial Number.

It. - Italian.

- J -

J. [1] jack; [2] joule(s); [3] Judge; [4] Justice, [5] Journeyman (1841 Census)

J.C.R. - [1] Junior Combination Room; [2] Junior Common Room.

J.P. - Justice of the Peace.

j.u. - jure uxoris (right of wife).

Jan. - January.

Jap. - Japanese.

Jas. - James.

Jno. - John (f. L. Johannes) - should not be mistaken for Jonathan.

joc. - jocular, -ly.

Jon. - Jonah, Jonathan.

Jonth. - Jonathan.

Jos. - Joseph.

Josh. - Joshua or sometimes Joseph.

JP - justice of the peace.

Jr. - junior (younger of two).

Jrnl. - Journal.

JSY - Jersey, Channel Islands (CCC).

jun. - junior (younger of two).

Jun. - Junior.

- K -

k. - killed.

K. - King(‘s).

K.B. - [1] Knight of the Bath (decoration); [2] King’s Bench.

K.B.E. - Knight Commander (of the Order) of the British Empire (decoration).

K.C. - [1] King’s College; [2] King’s Counsel; [3] The King's Colonials.

K.C.B. - Knight Commander (of the Order) of the Bath (decoration).

K.C.I.E. - Knight Commander (of the Order) of the Indian Empire (decoration).

K.C.M.G. - Knight Commander (of the Order0 of St. Michael & St. George (decoration).

K.C.S.I. - Knight Commander (of the Order) of the Star of India (decoration).

K.C.V.O. - Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (decoration).

K.G. - Knight of the Garter (decoration).

K.L.I. - The King’s Light Infantry (Shropshire Regiment).

K.O. - The King’s Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment).

K.O.L.I. - The King’s Own Light Infantry (South Yorkshire Regiment).

K.O.R.R. - The King’s Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster).

K.O.S.B. - The King’s Own Scottish Borderers.

K.O.Y.L.I. - The King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry.

K.P. - Knight (of the Order) of St. Patrick (decoration).

K.R. - The King’s Regiment (Liverpool).

K.R.R.C. - The King’s Royal Rifle Corps.

K.S. - King’s Scholar.

K.S.L.I. - The King’s Shropshire Light Infantry.

K.St.J. - Knight (of the Order) of St. John (decoration).

K.T. - [1] Knight Templar; [2] Knight (of the Order) of the Thistle (decoration).

KCD - Kincardineshire (CCC).

KEN - Kent (CCC).

KER - Kerry (CCC).

KID - Kildare (CCC).

KIK - Kilkenny (CCC).

King’s, The - (Liverpool Regiment).

KKD - Kirkcudbrightshire (CCC).

knowl. - knowledge.

KRS - Kinross-shire (CCC).

kt. - knight.

Kt. Knight Bachelor.

- L -

£.s.d. - pounds, shillings, and pence, former British currency (f. L. librae, solidi, denarii)

L. - [1] Latin; [2] Lake, [3] Liberal (Party).

l. - [1] line; [2] left; [3] lire; [4] litre(s).

L.A.H. - Licentiate of Apothecaries’ Hall, Dublin.

l.b. - leg bye(s).

L.B.H.Y. - The Lothians and Border Horse Yeomanry.

L.B.R. - London & Birmingham Railway Company.

L.B.S.C.R. - London Brighton & South Coast Railway Company.

l.b.w. -leg before wicket.

l.c. - [1] letter of credit; [2] lower case (f L. loco citato)

L.C. - Labour Corps (formed 1916; disbanded 1919).

L.C.C. - London County Council - abolished 1963, superseded by GLC.

L.C.D.R. - London Chatham & Dover Railway.

L.C.J. - Lord Chief Justice.

L.C.P. - Licentiate of the College of Preceptors.

L.D.S. - Licentiate in Dental Surgery.

L.D.V. - Local Defence Volunteers (later Home Guard).

L.E.A. - Local Education Authority.

L.F. - The Lancashire Fusiliers.

L.G. - [1] Life Guards.; [2] Low German.

L.G.U. - Ladies Golf Union.

l.h. - left hand.

L.H.Y. - The Lancashire Hussars Yeomanry.

L.I. - [1] Light Infantry; [2] Long Island.

L.J. - Lord Justice.

L.L. - Lord Lieutenant.

L.M. - Licentiate of Midwifery.

L.M.B.C. - Lady Margaret Boat Club (St John’s College, Cambridge).

L.M.H. - Lady Margaret Hall.

L.M.R. - Liverpool & Manchester Railway.

L.M.S. - [1] London Mathematical Society, [2] London, Midland, Scottish Railway, [3] London Missionary Society.

L.M.S.R. - London Midland & Scottish Railway Company.

L.M.S.S.A. - Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery, Society of Apothecaries.

L.N.E.R. - London & North Eastern Railway Company.

L.N.L.R. - The Loyal North Lancashire Regiment.

L.N.R. - Leeds Northern Railway.

L.N.W.R. - London & North Western Railway Company.

L.R. - [1] The Leicestershire Regiment (designated "Royal" 1946); [2] The Lincolnshire Regiment (designated "Royal" 1946); [3] The Lowland Regiment (formed 1942; disbanded 1949); [4] The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire).

L.R.A.M. - Licentiate of the Royal Academy of Music.

L.R.C.P. - Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians.

L.R.C.P.Ed. - Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians Edinburgh.

L.R.C.P.I. - Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians Ireland.

L.R.D. - Llanelli Railway & Dock Company.

L.R.D.G. - Long Range Desert Group (formed 1940; disbanded 1945).

L.R.F.P.S.G. - Licentiate of the Royal faculty of Physicians and Surgeons Glasgow.

l.s. - place of seal (on document) (f. L. locus sigilli).

L.S.A. - Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries.

L.S.E. - London School of Economics.

L.S.W.R. - London & South Western Railway Company.

L.S.Y. - Lovat Scouts Yeomanry.

L.T.A. - Lawn Tennis Association.

L.T.M. - Licentiate of Tropical Medicine.

L.T.S. - London, Tilbury & Southend Railway Company.

L.W.M. - low-water mark.

L.Y. - [1] The Lanarkshire Yeomanry; [2] The Leicestershire Yeomanry (Prince Albert's Own); [3] The Lincolnshire Yeomanry.

L.Y.R. - [1] Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway Company. [2] Leeds & York Railway.

L/Cpl. - Lance-Corporal.

L’pool - Liverpool.

Lab. - Labour (Party).

LAN - Lancashire (CCC).

Lancs - Lancashire.

lang. - language.

Lat. - Latitude.

lat. - latitude.

lb. Pound(s) (weight) (f. L. libra).

lc - lower case (type), e.g. small letter.

Ld. - Lord.

Ldg. - Leading (Seaman etc.)

LDS - Church of Jesus Christ and Latter Day Saints (Mormons).

LDY - Londonderry (Often referred to simply as Derry) (CCC).

lect. - lecture(s).

LEI - Leicestershire (CCC).

Leics - Leicestershire.

less. - lesson(s).

LET - Leitrim (CCC).

Let., Lett. - letter, letters.

LEX - Laois (Sometimes spelt Laoighis; also known as Leix. Before 1921 it was called Queen's County, or simply Queen's) (CCC).

Lib. Liberal.

lic. - license.

Lieut. - Lieutenant

LIM - Limerick (CCC).

LIN - Lincolnshire (CCC).

Lincs - Lincolnshire.

lit. - literal, -ly.

Lit. - Literary.

Lit.B. - Literarum Baccalaureus, Bachelor of Literature.

Lit.D - Literarum Doctor, Doctor of Literature

Lith. - Lithuanian.

Litt.D. - Doctor of Letters.

liv. - living (alive), livery.

LKS - Lanarkshire (CCC).

ll. - lines.

LL.B. - Bachelor of Laws (f. L. Legum Baccalaureus).

LL.D. - Doctor of Laws (f. L. Legum Doctor).

LL.M. - Master of Laws (f. L. Legum Magister).

LMA - London Metropolitan Archives (was GLRO until 1997).

LND - London (Following the London Government Act 1963, Greater London was formed from: London (LND) Middlesex (Middx, MDX) and parts of Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent and Surrey) (CCC).

loc. cit. - loco citato, in the place cited.

LOG - Longford (CCC).

long. - longitude.

LOU - Louth (CCC).

Lt. - [1] Lieutenant(-); [2] Light.

Ltd. - Limited Liability (Company).

ltd. - limited.

LTN - Lothian (CCC).

LXX - Septugant; seventy.

- M -

M. - [1] Master; {2] Member of; [3] Monsieur, [4] Manufacturer (1841 Census)

m - meridies, noon; meter.

m. - [1]married; [2] month; [3] masculine, [4] mare, [5] Maker - as in ‘Shoe m.’ (1841 Census)

M.A. - [1] Master of Arts (f. L. Magister Artium); [2] Military Academy.

M.B. - Bachelor of Medicine (f. L. Medicinae Baccalaureus).

M.B.A. - Master of Business Administration.

M.B.E. - Member (of the Order) of the British Empire.

M.B.S.I. - Member of the Boot and Shoe Industry.

M.C. - [1] Master of Surgery (f. L. Magister Chirurgiae); [2] Master of Ceremonies; [3] Member of Congress; [4] Military Cross.

M.C.C. - Marylebone Cricket Club.

M.C.E. - Master of Civil Engineering.

M.C.R. - Maryport & Carlisle Railway.

M.C.S. - Malayan Civil Service.

M.Ch(ir). Master of Surgery (F. L. Magister Chirurgiae)

M.Com. - Master of Commerce.

M.D. - [1] Doctor of Medicine (f. L. Medicinae Doctor); [2] Managing Director; [3] mentally deficient.

M.D.G. - Medical Director-General.

M.D.S. - Master of Dental Surgery.

M.Du.. - Middle Dutch.

M.E. - Mining (or Mechanical) Engineer.

M.E.C. - Member of the Executive Council.

M.E.F. - Middle East Forces.

M.Ed. - Master of Eductation.

M.F.H. - Master of Foxhounds.

M.G. - [1] machine-gun; [2] Morris Garages; [3] Minister of the Gospel.

M.G.B. - motor gun boat.

M.G.C(orps). - Machine Gun Corps (formed 1915; disbanded 1922).

M.G.R. - Middlesborough & Guiseborough Railway.

M.H. - Medal of Honour.

M.H.G. - Middle High German.

M.H.R. - Member of the House of Representatives.

M.Hy. - Master of Hygiene.

M.I. - [1] Military Intelligence; (M.I.5 security service, M.I.6 espionage department); [2] Mounted Infantry; [3] Monumental (or Memorial) Inscription.

M.I.A.E. - Member of the Institute of Automobile Engineers.

M.I.C.E. - Member of the Institute of Civil Engineers.

M.I.Chem.E. - Member of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.

M.I.E.E. - Member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers.

M.I.Loco.E. - Member of the Institution of Locomotive Engineers.

M.I.Mar.E. - Member of the Institution of Marine Engineers.

M.I.Mech.E. - Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.

M.I.Min.E. - Member of the Institution of Mining Engineers.

M.I.Mun.E. - Member of the Institution of Municipal Engineers.

M.I.O.B. - Member of the Institute of Builders.

M.I.W.T. - Member of the Institute of Wireless Technology.

M.Inst.M.M. - Member of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.

M.Inst.T. - Member of the Institute of Transport.

M.J.I - Member of the Institute of Journalists.

M.L.A. - Member of the Legislative Assembly.

M.L.C. - Member of the Legislative Council.

M.L.G. - Middle Low German.

M.Litt. - Master of Letters (f. L. Magister Litterarum).

M.M. - [1] Maelzel’s metronome; [2] Military Medal.

M.M.R. - Manchester & Milford Railway.

M.Mus. - Master of Music.

M.N. - Merchant Navy.

M.O. - [1] Medical Officer; [2] money order.

M.O.H. - [1] Master of Otter-hounds; [2] Medical Officer of Health.

M.O.T. - Ministry of Transport.

M.P. - [1] Member of Parliament; [2] military police(man).

m.p. - melting point.

m.p.g. - miles per gallon.

m.p.h. - miles per hour.

M.P.S. - [1] Member of the Pharmaceutical Society; [2] Member of the Philogical Society; [3] Member of the Physical Society.

M.P.S.C. - Military Provost Staff Corps.

M.Phil. - Master of Philosophy.

M.R. - [1] Master of the Rolls; [2] marriage record; [3] Mersey Railway. [4] Metropolitan Railway Company. [5] Midland Railway Company; [6] The Manchester Regiment; [7] The Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own); [8] The Montgomeryshire Yeomanry.

M.R.A.C. - Member of the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester.

M.R.A.S. - member of the Royal Asiatic Society.

M.R.Ae.S. - Member of the Royal Aeronautical Society.

M.R.C. - [1] Medical Research Council; [2] Monmouthshire Railway & Canal Company.

M.R.C.P. - Member of the Royal College of Physicians.

M.R.C.S. - Member of the Royal College of surgeons.

M.R.C.V.S. - Member of the Royal Collage of Veterinary Surgeons.

M.R.I. - Member of the Royal Institution.

M.R.I.A. - Member of the Royal Irish Academy.

M.R.R. - Middlesborough & Redcar Railway.

M.R.S.T. - Member of the Royal Society of Teachers.

M.R.San.I. - Member of the Royal Sanitary Institute.

M.S. - [1] Master of Science; [2] Master of Surgery; [3] motor ship, [4] Mine-watching Service, [5] Male Servant (1841 Census)

M.S.A. - Member of the Society of Architects.

M.S.L.R. - Manchester, Sheffield & Lincolnshire Railway Company.

M.S.W.J.R. - Midland & South Western Junction Railway Company.

M.Sc. - Master of Science.

M.T. - mechanical transport.

M.T.B. - motor torpedo-boat.

M.Tech. - Master of Technology.

M.V. [1] motor vessel; [2] muzzle velocity.

M.V.O. - Member of the Royal Victorian Order.

M.W.B. - Metropolitan Water Board.

M.Y. - motor yacht.

Ma.E. - Master of Engineering.

Mag. - Magazine.

Magn. - Magnetic, -ism.

Maj. - Major(-).

Mal. - [1] Malachi (O.T.); [2] Malay, Malayan.

Man. - Manual.

Man. - Manufacturer.

Managem. - Management.

Manch. - Manchester.

Manuf. - Manufacture, -ing.

Mar. - [1] March; [2] Marine.

Mart. - Martha.

masc. - masculine.

Mataph. - Metaphysics.

Math. - Mathematics, -al.

matric. - matriculated (entered and recorded at college or university).

Matt. - Matthew.

Max - maximum.

MAY - Mayo (CCC).

MDX - Middlesex (CCC).

Me. - Maître (title of French advocate).

ME. - Middle English.

MEA - Meath (CCC).

Mech. - Mechanics, -al.

Med - [1] Mediterranean Sea; [2] Medicine, -ical.

med. - medium.

med.L. - medieval Latin.

mem. - [1] member; [2] Remember (memento)

Mem. - Memoir(s).

ment. - mentioned.

MER - Merionethshire (CCC).

Messrs - Messieurs, Gentlemen, Sirs.

Meteorol. - Meteorology, -ical

mf - mezzo forte, moderately loud (music).

mfg - manufacturing.

mg. - milligram.

MGM - Mid Glamorgan (CCC).

Mgr. Mosseigneur; Monsignor.

MGY - Montgomeryshire (CCC).

mi. - mile.

Mic. - Micah (O.T.).

Mich. - Michaelmas, the Feast of St. Michael.

Mics. - Miscellany, -eous.

Middx - Middlesex.

midl. - midland (dialect).

m-i-l - mother-in-law.

Mil. - military.

min. - [1] minim; [2] minimum; [3] minute(s).

Min. - [1] Minister; [2] Ministry [3] Mineralogy, -ical

Min. Plenit. - Minister Plenipotentiary.

Mineral. - Mineralogy, -ical.

misc - miscellaneous.

Mk. - mark.

Mkt. - Market.

ml. - mile(s)

Mlle - Mademoiselle.

Mlles - Mademoiselles.

MLN - Midlothian (CCC).

MM. - Messieurs.

Mme - Madame.

Mmes - Mesdames.

mo. - [1] mother; [2] month.

Mo. - month.

mod. - modern.

mod.L. - modern Latin.

MOG - Monaghan (CCC).

Mon - Monmouthshire.

MON - Monmouthshire (CCC).

Mon. - Monday.

Mont - Montgomeryshire.

MOR - Morayshire (CCC).

mp - mezzo piano.

mph - miles per hour.

Mr. - Mister, title of man without higher title, or prefixed to designation of office, etc. (Mr. Speaker).

Mrs. - [1] Title of married woman without higher title; [2] Mistress.

MS. - manuscript.

ms. - manuscript.

Msgr. - Monseigneur, Monsignor.

MSS. - manuscripts.

mss. - manuscripts.

MSY - Merseyside (CCC).

Mt. - Mount, Mountain.

Mus. - [1] Music(al); [2] Museum, [3] musician.

Mus.B(ac). - Bachelor of Music (f. L. Musicae Baccalaureus).

Mus.D(oc). - Doctor of Music (f. L. Musicae Doctor).

MX. - Middlesex.

My. - Mary.

Myst. - Mystery.

Mythol. - Mythology.

- N -

n. - [1] neuter; [2] nominative; [3] noon; [4] note; [5] noun.

N. - North(ern).

N. Yorks - North Yorkshire.

N.&Q. - Notes and Queries.

N.A.F.F.I. - Navy, Army & Air Force Institutes.

N.A.M. - National Asociation of Manufacturers.

N.A.S. - [1] National Association of Schoolmasters; [2] Noise Abatement Society; [3] Nursing Auxiliary Service.

N.A.T.O. - North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.

N.Amer. - North America(n).

N.B., n.b. - [1] nota bene, note well; [2] North Britain.

N.B.J.R. - Northampton & Banbury Junction Railway.

N.B.R. - [1] Neath & Brecon Railway Company, [2] North British Railway Company.

N.by E. - North by East

N.by W. - North by West.

N.C.B. - National Coal Board.

N.C.C. - Non Combattant Corps (formed 1939; disbanded 1946?).

N.C.O. - non-commissioned officer.

N.C.R. - Newcastle & Carlisle Railway Company.

N.C.U. - National Cyclists Union.

N.C.Y. - New Church Yard.

n.d. - no date (of publication).

N.D.A. - National Diploma in Agriculture.

N.D.D. - National Diploma in dairying.

N.D.J.R. - Newcastle & Darlington Junction Railway.

N.E. - North East(ern).

N.E.A. - National Education Association.

N.E.D. - New English Dictionary, original title of the Oxford English Dictionary (first edition).

N.E.R. - North Eastern Railway Company.

N.E.R.C. - National Environmental Research Council.

N.F. - The Northumberland Fusiliers.

N.F.U. - National Farmers Union.

N.Fr. - Northern French.

n.g. - no good.

N.G.A. - National Graphical Association.

N.H. - The Northumberland Hussars.

N.H.S. - National Health Service.

N.I. - [1] National Insurance; [2] Northern Ireland.

N.I.H. - North Irish Horse.

N.K. - Not Known.

N.L.C. - National Liberal Club.

N.L.R. - North London Railway Company.

N.N. - not named (name unknown).

N.N.E. - North-North-East.

N.N.S. - Naval Nursing Sisters.

N.N.W. - North-North-West.

N.O.D. - Naval Ordnance Department.

n.p. - [1] new paragraph; [2] no place of publication.

N.P. - Notary Public.

N.P.A. - Newspaper Publishers’ Association.

N.P.I. - National Physical Laboratory.

n.q. - no quotations.

N.R. - [1] The Norfolk Regiment; [2] The Northamptonshire Regiment; [3] North Riding (of Yorkshire).

N.R.A. - National Rifle Association.

N.S. - [1] New Style date (Gregorian calendar); [2] new series; [3] Nova Scotia.

N.S.B. - National savings Bank.

N.S.C. - National Security Council.

N.S.F. - National Science Foundation.

N.S.P.C.C. - National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.

N.S.R. - [1] North Staffordshire Railway Company. [2] North Sunderland Railway Company; [3] The North Staffordshire Regiment (The Prince of Wales's).

N.S.W. - New South Wales.

N.S.W.J.R. - North & South Western Junction Railway Company.

N.S.Y. - The North Somerset Yeomanry.

N.T. - [1] New Testament; [2] Northern Territory (Australia).

N.U.J. - National Union of Jouralists.

N.U.M. - National Union of Mineworkers.

N.U.P.E. - National Union of Public Employees.

N.U.R. - [1] National Union Railwaymen; [2] North Union Railway Company.

N.U.S. - National Union of Students.

N.W. - North West(ern).

N.W.T. - North-west Territories (Australia).

n.x.n. - no Christian name.

N.Y. - [1] The Norfolk Yeomanry (The King's Own Royal Regiment); [2] The Northamptonshire Yeomanry; [3] The Nottinghamshire Yeomanry (Sherwood Rangers); [4] New York.

N.Y.C. - New York City.

N.Z. - New Zealand.

NAI - Nairn (CCC).

narr. - narrative

nat. - natural.

Nat. Hist. - Natural History.

Naut. - nautical.

Navy - Members of HM naval forces, including marines, of whatever rank (1841 Census)

NBL - Northumberland (CCC).

nd - no date(s).

nem. con. - nemine contradicente, "no one contradicting," unanimously.

Neurol. - Neurology.

Newf., Nfld. - Newfoundland.

NFK - Norfolk (CCC).

NLW - National Library of Wales.

No. - Number.

no. - numero, number.

nom. - nominative.

non seq. - non sequitur, it does not follow.

Northants - Northamptonshire.

Northumb - Northumberland.

Norw. - Norwegian.

Notts - Nottinghamshire.

Nov. - November.

Nr. - near.

nr. - near.

NRY - North Riding of Yorkshire (CCC).

NTH - Northamptonshire (CCC).

Nth. - North.

NTT - Nottinghamshire (CCC).

nunc. - nuncupative (oral, as opposed to written).

NYK - North Yorkshire (CCC).

- O -

O. - Old.

O. & M. - organisation and methods.

O.& B.L.I. - The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry ("Buckinghamshire" added 1908).

O.A.P. - old-age pensioner.

O.A.S. - [1] on active service; [2] Organisation of American States.

O.A.U. - Organisation of African Unity.

O.B. - Old Boy.

O.B.E. - Officer (of the Order) of the British Empire.

O.C. - Officer Commanding.

O.C.S. - Officer Candidate School.

O.C.T.U. - Officer Cadets Training Unit.

O.D. -ordnance datum.

O.E. - Old English (= Anglo-Saxon).

O.E.C.D. - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

O.E.D. - Oxford English Dictionary.

O.E.E.C. - Organisation for European Economic Co-operation.

O.F.M. - Order of Friars Minor.

O.F.S. - Orange Free State.

O.Fr. - Old French.

O.Fris. - Old Frisian.

O.H.G. - Old High German.

O.H.M.S. - On His (Her) Majesty’s Service.

O.I.J.L.C. - Otley & Ilkley Joint Line Committee (Midland & North Eastern Railway Companies).

O.Ir. - Old Irish.

O.M. - Order of Merit (decoration).

O.N. - Old Norse.

O.N.C. - Ordinary National Certificate.

O.N.D. - Ordinary National Diploma.

O.N.F. - Old Northern French.

O.P. - [1] Dominican (f. Order of Preachers, L. Ordo Praedicatorum); [2] observation post; [3] opposite prompt.

o.p. - [1] out of print; [2] overproof.

O.P.E.C. - Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

O.R. - [1] operational research; [2] other ranks.

O.S. - [1] Old Style date (Julian calendar, used until 1752 in UK/US); [2] ordinary seaman; [3] ordanance survey; [3] outsize; [4] out of stock; [5] Old Saxon.

O.S.A. - Order of St. Augustine.

O.S.B. - Order of St. Benedict.

O.T. - Old Testament.

O.T.C. - Officers’ Training Corps.

o.t.p. - of this parish.

O.U. - Oxford University.

O.U.D.S. - Oxford University Dramatic Society.

O.U.P. - Oxford University Press.

O.W.W.R. - Oxford Worchester & Wolverhampton Railway.

O.Y. - The Oxfordshire Yeomanry (Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars).

ob. - obiit, died.

Obad. - Obadiah (O.T.).

obit. - died.

obj. - object.

obl. - oblique.

Obs., obs. - obsolete.

occ. - occupation, occuring.

occas. - occasionally.

oct. - octavo.

Oct. - October.

OFF - Offaly (Before 1921 it was called King's County, or simply King's) (CCC).

OKI - Orkney (Also Orkney Isles, or Orkney Islands, but NOT The Orkneys) (CCC).

ONS - Office for National Statistics.

op. - operation.

op. cit. - opere citato, in the work cited.

OPCS - Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (now ONS).

Ophthalm. - Ophthalmology.

opp. - opposed (to), the opposite (of).

OPR - Old Parochial Records (for Scotland, see Scottish Registry Office).

Opt. - Optics.

ord. - ordained.

org. - organic.

orig. - origin, -al, -ally.

Ornith. - Ornithology, -ical.

outl. - outline.

OXF - Oxfordshire (CCC).

Oxf. - Oxford.

Oxon - Oxfordshire (Oxon is an abbreviation of Oxonia, the Latin name for Oxford).

oz - ounce.

- P -

P & O. - Peninsular and Oriental Steamship Company.

p & p. - postage and packing.

P. - Pensioner in HM armed forces (1841 Census)

p. - page, post (after); piano, soft (music).

P.A. - [1] personal assistant; [2] Press Association.

p.a. - per annum.

P.A.L.I. - Prince Albert's Light Infantry (Somersetshire Regiment).

P.A.S.I. - Professional Associate of the Chartered Surveyors Institution.

p.c. - [1] per cent; [2] postcard.

P.C. - [1] police constable; [2] Privy Council; [3] Pioneer Corps (designated "Royal" 1946).

P.C.C. - Prerogative Court of Canterbury (Wills pre-1858).

P.C.O. - The Prince Consort's Own (Rifle Brigade).

P.C.W. - The Princess Charlotte of Wales's (Berkshire Regiment).

P.C.Y. - Prerogative Court of York (Wills pre-1858).

p.d.q. - pretty damn quick.

P.E. - physical education.

P.E.I. - Prince Edward Island.

P.E.N. - International Association of Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists, and Novelists.

p.f. - piu forte, a little louder (music).

P.F.C. - Private First Class (U.S.)

P.L. - Princess Louise's (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders).

P.L.A. - Port of London Authority.

P.L.P. - Parliamentary Labour Party.

P.L.R. - Public Lending Right.

P.M. - [1] Prime Minister; [2] Provost Marshall.

P.M.G. - [1] Paymaster General; [ 2] Postmaster General.

P.M.O. - Principal Medical Officer.

P.N.E.U. - Parents’ National Education al Union.

P.O. - [1] Petty Officer; [2] Pilot Officer; [3] postal order; [4] Post Office.

P.O.E. - port of entry.

P.O.W. - prisoner of war.

p.p. - per procurationem.

P.P., p.p. - parcel post.

P.P.C. - pour prendre conge, to take leave.

P.P.S. - Parliamentary Private Secretary.

P.R. - [1] The Palestine Regiment (formed 1942; disbanded 1948); [2] The Parachute Regiment (formed 1940).

P.R.A. - President of the Royal Academy.

P.R.B. - Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.

P.R.O. - [1] Public Record Office; [2] public relations officer.

P.R.S. - President of the Royal Society.

P.S. - [1] Police Sergeant; [2] private secretary; [3] prompt side.

P.S. - post scriptum, postscript; public school..

p.s.a. - Graduate of Royal Air Force Staff College.

p.s.c. - Graduate of Military (or Naval) Staff College.

P.S.S.L. - Preston Steam Packet Line.

P.S.T.O. - Principal Sea Transport Officer.

P.S.V. - Public Service Vehicle.

P.T. - physical training.

P.T. boat - motor torpedo-boat.

P.T.A. - Parent-Teacher Association.

P.T.O. - please turn over.

P.T.R.D. - Port Talbot Railway & Dock Company.

P.V. - Princess Victoria's (Royal Irish Fusiliers).

P.W.D. - Public Works Department.

P.W.E. - Police War Reserve.

P.W.L.R. - The Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians)(disbanded 1922).

P.W.O. - The Prince of Wales's Own (West Yorkshire Regiment).

P.W.V. - The Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment).

P.Y. - The Pembroke Yeomanry (Castemartin).

p/e - price/earnings (ratio).

pa.t. - past tense.

PAF - Personal Ancestry File, genealogy program of the Mormon Church (LDS).

par - paragraph.

pd - paid.

Pd. - paid.

PEE - Peebles-shire (CCC).

PEM - Pembrokeshire (CCC).

Pen. - [1] Peninsula, [2] Pensioner.

PER - Perth (CCC).

perh. - perhaps.

Pers. - Persian.

pers. - person, -al.

pf, pfd - preferred.

pf. - perfect.

Pf. - pfennig.

pfc - private first class (American).

pg. - page.

Pg. - Portuguese.

Ph.B. - Philosophiae Baccalaureus, Bachelor of Philosophy.

Ph.C. - Pharaceutical Chemist.

Ph.D. - Philosophiae Doctor, Doctor of Philosophy.

Ph.G. - Graduate in Pharmacy.

Phar.D. - Doctor of Pharmacy.

Pharm. - Pharmacology.

Philol. - Philology, -ical.

Philos. - Philosophy, -ic.

phonet. - phonetic, -ally.

Photogr. - Photography, -ical.

phr. - phrase.

Phys. - physical; (rarely) in Physiology.

Physiol. - Physiology, -ical.

pict. - picture, pictorial.

pish. - parish.

pk. - peck.

pkg - package.

Pl. - Place.

pl., plur. - plural.

PM, p.m. - post meridiem, after noon.

poet. - poetic, -al.

Pol. - Polish, Politics, -al.

Pol. Econ. - Political Economy.

Pol. Of. - Police Officer.

polit. - politics, -al.

pop. - population.

porc. - porcelain.

poss. - possibly.

pott. - pottery

POW - Powys (CCC).

pp. - [1] pages; [2] pianissimo, very soft (music).

pple. - participle.

Pr. - pair.

pr. - present.

Pr. - Provencal.

pr. pple. - present participle.

pract. - practice, -al.

prec. - preceding (word or article).

pred. - predicative.

pref. - [1] prefix; [2] preface.

prep. - preposition.

pres. - present.

Pres. - President.

pres. - presumed, present.

Princ. - Principle(s).

Pro tem. - (pro tempore) - For the time being.

pro. - probated or proved (as in a will).

prob. - probably, probate.

probl. - problem.

proc. - proceedings.

prof. - professor.

PRONI - Public Records Office of Northern Ireland.

pronunc. - pronunciation.

prop. - properly.

propr. - proprietor (land owner).

Prov. - Province.

Prox. - (proximo), Next month.

Ps(s) - Psalm(s) (O.T.).

Psych. - Psychology.

Psychol. - Psychology, -ical.

pt. - [1] part; [2] pint; [3] point; [4] port.

Pte. - Private (soldier).

pub. - published.

publ. - publications.

publ. - published.

pvt. - private.

- Q -

Q Dept - of quartermaster.

Q.A.I.M.N.S. - Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service.

Q.A.L.A.S. - Qualified Associate, Land Agents’ Society.

Q.A.R.A.N.C. - Queen Alexandra’s Royal Army Nursing Corps.

Q.A.R.N.N.S. - Queen Alexandra’s Royal Navy Nursing Service.

Q.B. - Queen’s Bench.

Q.C. - Queen’s Council.

Q.E.D. - quod erat demonstrandum, which was to be shown.

Q.E.F. - quod erat faciendum, which was to be done.

Q.F. - quick-firing.

Q.M. - Quartermaster.

Q.M.A.A.C. - Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps (formed 1917; disbanded 1919?).

Q.M.G. - Quartermaster General.

Q.M.S. - Quartermaster Sergeant.

Q.O. - The Queen’s Own (Royal West Kent Regiment).

Q.O.C.H. - The Queen’s Own Cameron Highlanders.

Q.O.R.G.L.W.L.Y. - The Queen's Own Royal Glasgow and Lower Ward of Lanarkshire Yeomanry.

Q.O.R.W.K.R. - The Queen’s Own Royal West Kent Regiment.

Q.O.Y.D. - The Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons.

Q.P.M. - Queen’s Police Medal.

Q.R.R. - The Queen’s Royal Regiment (West Surrey).

Q.S. - Quarter Sessions.

q.v. - quod vide, 'which see' (usually within same document).

Q-boat, Q-ship - mystery ship.

Qld. - Queensland (Australia).

qt. - quart(s).

qtr - quarter.

qu. - query.

Que. - Quebec.

Queen’s, The - (Royal West Surrey Regiment).

ques - question.

quot(s). - quotation(s).

qy. - (quaere), query.

- R -

R. - [1] Railways; [2] Regina, Queen; [3] Rex, King; [4] Royal; [5] River; [6] Regiment.

r. - [1] right; [2] recto; [3] run(s).

R. and A. - Royal and Ancient (Golf Club, St. Andrews, Scotland).

R. of O. - Reserve of Officers.

R.A. - [1] Royal Academy; [2] Royal Academician; [3] Royal Artillery (see also R.F.A.); [4] right accession.

R.A.A.F. - Royal Australian Air Force.

R.A.C. - Royal Automobile Club.

R.A.C.D. - Royal Army Chaplains' Department.

R.A.D.A. - Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.

R.A.F. - Royal Air Force.

R.A.F.V.R. - Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve.

R.A.M. - Royal Academy of Music.

R.A.M.C. - Royal Army Medical Corps.

R.A.N. - Royal Australian Navy.

R.A.O.C. - Royal Army Ordnance Corps.

R.A.P.C. - Royal Army Pay Corps.

R.A.P.D. - Royal Army Pay Department.

R.A.S.C. - Royal Army Service Corp.

R.A.V.C. - Royal Army Veterinary Corps.

R.B. - The Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own).

R.B.A. - Royal Society of British Artists.

R.B.H. - The Royal Bucks Hussars.

R.B.R. - The Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's).

R.C. - [1] Red Cross; [2] Roman Catholic, [3] reinforced concrete.

R.C. - Reconnaissance Corps (formed 1941; disbanded 1946).

R.C.A. - [1] Royal College of Art, [2] Radio Corporation of America.

R.C.A.F. - Royal Canadian Air Force.

R.C.Ch. - Roman Catholic Church.

R.C.M. - Royal College of Music.

R.C.M.P. - Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

R.C.N. - [1] Royal Canadian Navy; [2] Royal College of Nursing.

R.C.N.C. - Royal Corps of Naval Constructors.

R.C.O. - Royal College of Organists.

R.C.P. - Royal College of Physicians.

R.C.S. - [1] Royal College of Science; [2] Royal College of Surgeons; [3] Royal Corps of Signals.

R.C.S. - Royal Corps of Signals (formed 1920).

R.C.T. - Royal Corps of Transport.

R.C.V.S. - Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons.

R.D. - [1] refer to drawer; [2] (Royal Naval) Reserve Decoration; [3] Rural Dean, [3] Rural District.

R.D.C. - Royal Defence Corps (formed 1916; disbanded 1936).

R.D.C. - Rural District Council.

R.D.F. - The Royal Dublin Fusiliers (disbanded 1922).

R.D.I. - Designer for Industry of the Royal Society of Arts.

R.D.Y. - Royal 1st Devon Yeomanry.

R.E. - Royal Engineers.

R.E.K.M.R. - The Royal East Kent Mounted Rifles (The Duke of Connaught's Own).

R.E.M.E. - Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.

R.E.M.E. - The Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (formed 1942).

R.E.S. - River Emergency Service.

R.F. - The Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment).

R.F.A. - [1] Royal Field Artillery [2] Royal Fleet Auxiliary.

R.F.C. - [1] Royal Flying Corps, forerunner of R.A.F.; [2] Rugby Football Club.

R.F.C. - Royal Flying Corps (formed 1912).

R.F.C.N.W. - Royal Flying Corps Naval Wing.

R.F.R. - Royal Fleet Reserve.

R.G.A. - Royal Garrison Artillery.

R.G.H. - The Royal Gloucestershire Hussars.

R.G.S. - Royal Geographical Society.

r.h. - right hand.

R.H.A. - [1] Royal Horse Artillery; [2] Royal Hibernian Academy.

R.H.G. - Royal Horse Guards (The Blues).

R.H.S. - [1] Royal Historical Society; [2] Royal Horticultural Society; [3] Royal Humane Society.

R.I. - [1] King & Emperor (f. L. Rex et Imperator); [2] Queen and Empress (f. L. Regina et Imperatrix); [3] Rhode Island; [4] Royal Institute; [5] Royal Institution.

R.I.A. - Royal Irish Academy.

R.I.B.A. - Royal Institute of British Architects.

R.I.C.S. - Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors.

R.I.F. - [1] The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers; [2] The Royal Irish Fusiliers (Princess Victoria's).

R.I.N. - Royal Indian Navy.

R.I.P. - Requiescat in pace, May he rest in peace.

R.I.R. - [1] The Royal Irish Rifles (redesignated 1922 "Ulster"); [2] The Royal Irish Regiment (disbanded 1922).

R.L. - Rugby League.

R.M. - [1] Resident Magistrate; [2] Royal Mail; [3] Royal Marines.

R.M.A. - Royal Military Academy.

R.M.F. - The Royal Munster Fusiliers (disbanded 1922).

R.M.L.I. - Royal Marine Light Infantry.

R.M.O. - Reserve of Medical Officers.

R.M.S. - Royal Mail Steamer or Steamship (or Service).

R.N. - [1] Royal Navy; [2] registered nurse.

R.N.(V.)R. - Royal Naval (Volunteer) Reserve.

R.N.A. - Royal Naval Academy.

R.N.A.S. - Royal Naval Air Service.

R.N.A.S.A.A.C. - Royal Naval Air Service Anti-Aircraft Corps.

R.N.A.S.B.R. - Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Birth Reserve.

R.N.A.V. - Royal Naval Artillery Volunteers.

R.N.A.W.R. - Royal Naval Auxiliary Wireless Reserve.

R.N.C. - Royal Naval College.

R.N.C.V. - Royal Naval Coast Volunteers.

R.N.D. - Royal Naval Division.

R.N.D.Y. - The Royal North Devon Yeomanry (Hussars).

R.N.E.C. - Royal Naval Engineering College.

R.N.F. - The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers.

R.N.L.I. - Royal National Lifeboat Institution.

R.N.M.B.R. - Royal Naval Motor Boat Reserve.

R.N.P.S. - Royal Naval Patrol Service.

R.N.R. - [1] The Royal Newfoundland Regiment (raised 1914; disbanded 1919). see also Canadian Army; [2] The Royal Norfolk Regiment.

R.N.R. - Royal Naval Reserve.

R.N.R.(T.) - Royal Naval Reserve Trawler Section.

R.N.T.S. - Royal Naval Transport Service.

R.N.V.(S.)R. - Royal Naval Volunteer Supplementary Reserve.

R.N.V.(W.)R. - Royal Naval Volunteer Wireless Reserve.

R.N.V.R. - Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve.

R.N.V.R.A.A.C. - Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Anti-Aircraft Corps.

R.N.V.R.P.S. - Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Pigeon Service.

R.N.W.A.R. - Royal Naval Wireless Auxiliary Reserve.

R.N.X.S. - Royal Naval Auxiliary Service.

R.N.Z.A.F. - Royal New Zealand Air Force.

R.N.Z.N. - Royal New Zealand Navy.

R.O.C. - Royal Observer Corps.

R.O.I. - Royal Institute of Oil Painters.

R.O.T.C. - Reserve Officer’s Training Corps.

R.P.C. - Royal Pioneer Corps.

R.P.S. - Royal Photographic Society.

R.R. - [1] Rhymney Railway Company; [2] Rolls Royce.

R.R.A. - Royal Regiment of Artillery.

R.R.C. - (Lady of the) Royal Red Cross.

R.R.F.A. - Royal Regiment of Field Artillery.

R.R.G.A. - Royal Regiment of Garrison Artillery.

R.S. - The Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment), (The Royal Regiment) [2] Royal Society.

R.S.A. - [1] Royal Scottish Academician; [2] Royal Scottish Academy; [3] Royal Society of Arts.

R.S.B.R. - Rhondda & Swansea Bay Railway Company.

R.S.D. - [1] Royal Society of Dublin [2] Rural Sanitary District.

R.S.E. - Royal Society of Edinburgh.

R.S.F. - The Royal Scots Fusiliers.

R.S.F.S.R. - Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic.

R.S.M. - [1] Regimental Sergeant Major; [2] Royal School of Musketry.

R.S.P.C.A. - Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

R.S.R. - [1] Raiding Support Regiment (formed 1943; disbanded 1945); [2] The Royal Sussex Regiment.

R.S.V. - Revised Standard Version (of Bible).

R.S.V.P. - please answer (f. Fr. Répondez s’il vous plaît)

R.Sigs. - Royal Corps of Signals.

R.T. - [1] radio telegraphy; [2] radio telephony.

R.T.C. - Royal Tank Corps.

R.T.R. - Royal Tank Regiment.

R.T.S. - Religious Tract Society.

R.U. - Rugby Union.

R.U.C. - Royal Ulster Constabulary.

R.U.R(if.). - The Royal Ulster Rifles.

R.V. - [1] Revised Version (of Bible); [2] Rifle Volunteers.

R.V.C. - Rifle Volunteer Corps.

R.W.F. - The Royal Welsh Fusiliers (redesignated 1921 "Welch").

R.W.R. - The Royal Warwickshire Regiment.

R.W.S. - Royal water Colour Society.

R.W.Y. - The Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry (Prince of Wales's Own).

R.Y.C. - Royal Yacht Club.

R.Y.S. - Royal Yacht Squadron.

RAD - Radnorshire (CCC).

Rail. Lab. - Railway Labourer (1841 Census)

Rd. - Road.

re - reference; regarding.

rec. - record, recorded.

redupl. - reduplicating.

ref. - refer, reference.

refl. - reflexive.

Reg. - Register.

reg. - regular.

regt. - regiment.

rel - related to.

rem. - removed.

rep. - [1] report(s); [2] representative.

repr. - representative, representing.

repud. - repudiated.

res. - [1] research.[2] resides, resided.

ret. - returned.

retd. - [1] retired; [2] returned.

Rev. - [1] Revelation; [2] Reverend [3] sometimes Revolutionary.

rev. - revised, review.

RFW - Renfrewshire (CCC).

rit., ritard. - ritardando, gradually slower (music).

ritn. - ritenuto, retarding (music).

rly. - railway.

rm. - room.

Ro. - (recto), On the right hand page (see Vo.)

ROC - Ross and Cromarty (Includes part of the island of Lewis) (CCC).

Rom. - Roman, romance.

ROS - Roscommon (CCC).

Rot. - rotalus (Roll, Rolls).

ROX - Roxburghshire (CCC).

rpm - revolutions per minute.

Rs. - rupees.

rt. - right.

Rt.Hon. - Right Honourable.

Rt.Rev(d) - Right Reverend.

Rum. - Rumanian.

Russ. - Russian.

RUT - Rutland (CCC).

Ry. - Railway.

- S -

s. - [1] solidus, a shilling (English money); [2] second(s); [3] singular; [4] son.

S. - [1] South(ern); [2] Saint; [3] Society.

S. by E. - South by East.

S. by W. - South by West.

S. Yorks - South Yorkshire.

S.A. - [1] Salvation Army; [2] South Africa; [3] South America; [4] South Australia; [5] Sturmabteilung (political militia of the Nazi party).

s.a. - sine anno (without year).

S.A.C. - Senior Aircraftman.

S.A.C.W. - Senior Aircraftwoman.

S.A.E. - Stamped, Addressed Envelope (British).

S.A.M.J.R. - Stratford upon Avon & Midland Junction Railway Company.

S.A.R. - Stratford Upon Avon Railway.

S.A.S. - 1st Special Air Service Regiment (1st Regt formed 1941; 2nd Regt formed 1943; disbanded 1945).

S.A.S.E. - Self Addressed, Stamped Envelope (USA).

S.Afr. - South Africa(n).

S.B. - Bachelor of Science.

S.B.N. - Standard Book Number.

S.C. - [1] small capitals; [2] Special Constable; [3] South Carolina.

S.C.E. - Scottish Certificate of Education.

S.C.R. - [1] Senior Combination Room; [2] Senior Common Room; [3] Swindon & Cheltenham Railway.

S.C.M. - State Certified Midwife.

s.d. - sine die (without date), step-daughter.

S.D.J.L.C. - Somerset & Dorset Joint Line Committee.

S.D.L.R. - South Durham & Lancashire Railway.

S.D.R. - [1] Sheffield District Railway Company. [2] South Devon Railway, [3] Somerset & Dorset Railway Company. [4] Stockton & Darlington Railway.

S.E. - South East(ern).

S.E.A.T.O. - South-East Asia Treaty Organisation.

S.E.C.R. - South Eastern & Chatham Railway Companies.

S.E.N. - State Enrolled Nurse.

S.E.R. - South Eastern Railway Company.

S.F. - [1] Sea Fencibles; [2] The Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment) ("Nottinghamshire" added 1902).

S.F.A. - Scottish Football Association.

S.G. - [1] senior grade; [2] Solicitor General; [3] specific gravity; [4] Scots Guards.

s.g. - specific gravity.

S.H. - [1] Scottish Horse; [2] The Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, The Duke of Albany's).

S.H.R. - Shrewsbury & Hereford Railway.

S.I.H. - South Irish Horse.

S.J. - Society of Jesus (Jesuits).

S.L.I. - The Somerset Light Infantry (Prince Albert's).

S.L.R. - The South Lancashire Regiment (Prince of Wales's Volunteers).

S.M. - Sergeant Major.

S.M.R. - Swansea & Mumbles Railway.

S.N.D. - Scottish National Dictionary.

S.N.H.Y. - Southern Nottinghamshire Hussars Yeomanry.

S.O. - Stationary Office.

S.O.S. - ("Save Our Souls") Distress signal.

S.P.C.C. - Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.

S.P.C.K. - Society for promoting Christian Knowledge.

S.P.G. - Society for the Propagation of the Gospel.

S.P.Q.R. - Roman Senate and people (f. L. Senatus Populusque Romanus).

S.R. - [1] Southern Railway Company; [2] The Suffolk Regiment.

S.R.C. - Science Research Council.

S.R.N. - State Registered Nurse.

S.R.N.R. - Shetland Royal Naval Reserve.

S.R.O. - [1] standing room only; [2] Statutory Rules and Orders.

S.R.R.(D.) - Special Repair Ratings (Dockyards).

S.S. - [1] steamship; [2] Nazi special police force (f. G. Schutz-Staffel).

s.s. - step-son.

S.S.A.F.A. - Soldier’s, Sailor’s and Airmen’s Families Association.

S.S.C. - Solicitor to the Supreme Court.

S.S.E. - south-south-east.

S.S.P.L. - Stranraer Steam Packet Line.

S.S.R. - The South Staffordshire Regiment.

S.S.R.C. - Social Science Research Council.

S.S.S. - Shore Signal Service.

S.S.W. - south-south-west.

S.T.B. - Sacrae Theologiae Baccalaureus, Bachelor of Sacred Theology.

S.T.D. - Doctor of Sacred Theology (f. L. Sanctae Theologiae Doctor).

S.T.P. - Professor of Sacred Theology (f. L. Sanctae Theologiae Professor).

S.U.R.C. - Shropshire Union Railways & Canal Company.

s.v. - sub voce, 'under the word'.

S.W.B. - The South Wales Borderers.

S.W.R. - South Wales Railway Company.

S.W.S. - Shore Wireless Service.

S.Y. - [1] The Shropshire Yeomanry (Dragoons); [2] The Staffordshire Yeomanry (Queen's Own Royal Regiment); [3] The Surrey Yeomanry (The Princess of Wales's); [4] The Sussex Yeomanry.

s/o - son of, sister of.

SAL - Shropshire (CCC).

Salop - Shropshire (Salop derives from Sloppesberie).

Sat. - Saturday.

sb. - substantive.

sc. - scilicet, Namely.

Sc. Nat. Dict. - Scottish National Dictionary.

Sc., Scot. - Scottish.

Sc.B. - Bachelor of Science (f. L. Scientiae Baccalaureus).

Sc.D. - Doctor of Science (f. L. scientiea doctor)

Scand. - Scandinavia(n).

sch. - school.

Scotl. - Scotland.

sec., secy - secretary.

SEL - Selkirkshire (CCC).

sel. - selection.

Sen. - Senator.

Sen. - senior (elder of two).

Sept. - September.

seq. - sequentia, the following.

ser. - series.

Sergt. - Sergeant.

serv. - served

Serv. - Servant (1841 Census)

sett. - settled, settler.

SFK - Suffolk (CCC).

sgd - signed.

sgd. - signed.

SGM - South Glamorgan (CCC).

Sgt. - Sergeant.

Sh. - [1] shilling(s), [2] Shopman (1841 Census)

sh. M. - [1] Shoe Maker, [2] Shop Man.

sh. - shortly, ship.

SHAPE - Supreme Headquarters, Allied Powers, Europe.

SHI - Shetland (Also Shetland Isles, or Shetland Islands, but NOT The Shetlands, originally known as Zetland) (CCC).

Shoe m. - Shoe maker.

Shop K. - Shop Keeper.

sib. - sibling.

sic - so written.

Sig. - Signor.

s-i-l - son-in-law or sister-in-law.

sil - son-in-law or sister-in-law.

sing. - singular.

sis. - sister.

Sk. - Sketch.

Skr. - Sanskrit.

Slav. - Slavonic.

SLI - Sligo (CCC).

Soc. - Society.

Sociol. - Sociology, Sociological.

SoG - Society of Genealogists.

SOM - Somerset (CCC).

sp. - [1] speech; [2] spelling.

Sp. - Spanish.

sp. gr. - specific gravity.

spec. - specifically, specimen.

sq - square.

Sr. - [1] Senior; [2] Señor.

src. - source.

SRK - Sark, Channel Islands (CCC).

SRY - Surrey (CCC).

SS. - Saints.

SSX - Sussex (CCC).

St. - [1] Saint; [2] stokes; [3] Street; [4] Strait.

st. - stone.

Sta. - Station.

Staffs - Staffs

stand. - standard.

STD - Strathclyde (Includes islands: Arran, Bute, Islay, Jura and Mull) (CCC).

STI - Stirlingshire (CCC).

str. - strong.

struct. - structure, structural.

STS - Staffordshire (CCC).

stud. - studies.

subj. - subject.

subord. cl. - subordinate clause.

subseq. - subsequent, subsequently

subst. - substantively.

suc. - succeeded (followed).

succ. - successively, succession.

suff. - suffix.

summ. - summoned.

Sun. - Sunday.

suo juris - in his (her) right.

superl. - superlative.

suppl. - supplement.

supra - above.

Supt. - Superintendent.

Surg. - [1] Surgery; [2] Surgical; [3] Surgeon.

surv. - survived.

SUT - Sutherland (CCC).

Sw. - Swedish.

SXE - East Sussex (CCC).

SXW - West Sussex (CCC).

SYK - South Yorkshire (CCC).

Syr. - Syrian.

syst. - system, systematic.

- T -

t. - ton(s); tonne(s)..

T. & A.V.R. - Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve.

T.A. - Territorial Army.

T.A.V.R. - Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve.

T.B. - [1] torpedo-boat; [2] tubercle bacillus, hence tuberculosis.

T.C. - Tank Corps (formed 1917; "Royal" 1923).

T.C.D. - Trinity College Dublin.

T.D. - Territorial (Officer’s) Decoration; [2] (Ir.) Teachta Dala, Member of the Dáil.

T.L.S. - Times Literary Supplement.

T.M.O. - telegraph money order.

T.R.H. - Their Royal Highnesses.

T.S.H. - Their Serene Highnesses.

T.T. - Tourist Trophy (motorcycling).

T.U. - Trade Union.

T.U.C. - Trades Union Congress.

T.V.R. - [1] Taff Vale Railway Company. [2] Tees Valley Railway. [3] Trent Valley Railway Company.

Tam. - Tamsin or Thomasin.

TAY - Tayside (CCC).

tbsp. - tablespoon.

techn. - technical, technically.

Technol. - Technology, Technological.

Telegr. - Telegraphy

Teleph. - Telephony.

Theatr. - theatrical.

Theol. - Theology, Theological.

Theoret. - Theoretical.

Thess. - Thessalonians (O.T.).

Thos. - Thomas.

Thurs. - Thursday.

TIP - Tipperary.

Tit. - Titus (N.T.).

Toc H - Talbot House - Society of (orig. ex-service)men and women for Christian fellowship and social service.

tp. - township.

tr., transl. - translated, translation.

Trans. - Transactions.

trans. - transitive.

transf. - transferred sense.

Trav. - Travel(s).

Treas. - Treasury.

Treat. - Treatise.

Treatm. - Treatment.

Trig. - Trigonometry.

Trop. - Tropical.

Tue(s). - Tuesday.

Turk. - Turkish.

TWR - Tyne and Wear (CCC).

Typog., Typogr. - Typography.

TYR - Tyrone (CCC).

- U -

U.C. - University College.

U.C.C.A. - Universities Central Council on Admissions.

U.D. - Urban District.

U.D.C. - Urban District Council.

U.K. - United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Northern Ireland).

U.K.A.E.A. - United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority.

U.M.C.A. - Universities Mission to Central Africa.

U.N. - United Nations.

U.N.A. - United Nations Association.

U.P. - Uttar Pradesh (formerly United Provinces, India)

U.S. - [1] United States (of America); [2] unserviceable.

U.S.A. - [1] United States Army; [2] United States of America.

U.S.A.F. - United States Air Force.

U.S.D. - Urban Sanitary District.

U.S.M.C. - United States Marine Corps.

U.S.N. - United States Navy.

U.S.S. - [1] United States Ship; [2] United States Steamer; [3] Universities Superannuation Scheme.

U.S.S.R. - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

ult. - ultimo (last month, as in on the 5th ult.)

Univ. - University.

unk. - unknown.

unkn. - unknown.

unm. - unmarried.

usu. - usually.

ux. - uxor or uxoris, wife.

- V -

v. - [1] verse; [2] verso; [3] versus; [4] very.

V. & A. - Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

V.A. - [1] Veterans’ Administration (U.S.A.); [2] Vicar Apostolic; [3] Vice-Admiral; [4] Order of Victoria and Albert.

V.A.D. - (Member of) Voluntary Aid Detachment.

V.B. - Volunteer Battalion.

V.C. - [1] Victoria Cross; [2] Vice-Chairman, -Chancellor, -Consul.

V.D. - [1] veneral disease; [2] Volunteer (Officer’s) Decoration.

V.G. - [1] Vicar-General; [2] very good.

V.G.R. - Vale of Glamorgan Railway.

V.I. - Virgin Islands.

V.I.P. - very important person.

V.N.R. - Vale of Neath Railway.

V.O. - Royal Victorian Order.

V.P. - Vice-President.

V.R. - vital record.

V.R.C. - Volunteer Rifle Corps.

V.S. - Veterinary Surgeon.

var(r)., vars. - variant(s) of.

VE-day - Victory Europe, 8 May 1945.

Ven. - Venerable.

Vertebr. - Vertebrate(s).

Vet. - Veterinary.

Vet. Sci. - Veterinary Science.

Vis. - Viscount.

viz. - videlicet, namely.

VJ-day - Victory over Japan, 15 Aug 1945 (2 Sep 1945 in U.S.A.).

Vo. - (verso), On the left-hand page (see Ro.)

vol. - volume, volunteer (military).

Vol. - volume.

vol. - volume.

Voy. - Voyage.

vs. - versus, against.

vulg. - vulgar.

vv. - [1] verses; [2] volumes.

- W -

W. - [1] West(ern); [2] womens; [3] Welsh.

w. - [1] wicket; [2] wide; [3] wife; [4] with.

W. Yorks - West Yorkshire.

W.A.A.C. - Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (Waac).

W.A.A.F.(S.) - Women’s Auxiliary Air Force (Services) (Waaf).

W.A.C. - Women’s Army Corps (U.S.A.).

W.A.F. - Woman in the Air Force (U.S.A.).

W.A.F.S. - Women’s Auxiliary Fire Service.

W.A.R. - West Africa Regiment (formed 1898; disbanded 1928).

W.B. - Willbook.

W.C. - water closet (toilet).

W.C.C. - World Council of Churches.

W.C.R. - [1] West Cornwall Railway. [2] Whiteland & Cardigan Railway.

W.C.Y. - The Westmorland and Cumberland Yeomanry.

W.D. - [1] War Department; [2] Works Department.

W.E.A. - Worker’s Educational Association.

W.E.R. - Wrexham & Ellesmere Railway.

W.E.U. - Western European Union.

W.F.J.R. - Whitehaven & Furness Junction Railway.

W.F.T.U. - World Federation of Trade Unions.

W.G. - Welsh Guards (raised 1915).

W.I. - Women’s Institute.

W.I.P.O. - World Intellectual Property Organisation.

W.I.R. - West India Regiment (disbanded 1927).

W.K.Y. - The West Kent Yeomanry (Queen's Own).

W.L.A. - Women’s Land Army.

W.N.W. - west-north-west.

W.O. - Warrant Officer.

W.P. - weather permitting.

w.p.b. - waste paper basket.

W.P.C. - woman police constable.

W.R. - [1] The Welsh Regiment (redesignated 1921 "Welch"); [2] The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's); [3] The Worcestershire Regiment; [4] Wirral Railway Company. [5] Wycombe Railway.

W.R.A.C. - Women’s Royal Army Corps.

W.R.A.F. - Women’s Royal Air Force.

W.R.N.(S.)R. - Women’s Royal Naval Supplementary Reserve.

W.R.N.R. - Women’s Royal Naval Reserve.

W.R.N.S.- Women’s Royal Naval Service (Wren).

W.R.V.S. - Women’s Royal Voluntary Service.

W.S. - [1] West Saxon; [2] Writer to the Signet.

W.S.R. - Watton & Swaffham Railway.

W.S.W. - west-south-west.

W.S.W.R. - Wilts, Somerset & Weymouth Railway.

W.S.Y. - The West Somerset Yeomanry.

W.T.S. - Women’s Transport Service.

W.V.S. - Women’s Voluntary Service.

W.W. I - World War One (also W.W. 1).

W.W. II - World War Two (also W.W. 2).

W.W.1 - World War One (also W.W. I).

W.W.2 - World War Two (also W.W. II).

W.Y. - [1] The Warwickshire Yeomanry; [2] The Worcestershire Yeomanry (The Queen's Own Worcestershire Hussars).

W.Y.R. - The West Yorkshire Regiment (The Prince of Wales's Own).

W/Cdr. - Wing Commander.

w/o - wife of (never widow of).

WAR - Warwickshire (CCC).

Warks - Warwickshire (CCC).

WAT - Waterford (CCC).

wd. - word.

Wed. - Wednesday.

WEM - Westmeath (CCC).

WES - Westmoreland (CCC).

Westm. - Westminster.

WEX - Wexford (CCC).

wf. - wife.

WGM - West Glamorgan (CCC).

WGmc. - West Germanic.

WIC - Wicklow (CCC).

wid. - widow.

WIG - Wigtownshire (CCC).

WIL - Wiltshire (CCC).

Wilts - Wiltshire.

WIS - Western Isles (Includes islands: Lewis, North Uist and South Uist) (CCC).

wk. - [1] week; [2] weak; [3] work.

Wks. - Works.

WLN - West Lothian (CCC).

Wm. - William.

WMD - West Midlands (CCC).

WOR - Worcestershire (CCC).

Worcs - Worcestershire.

WRY - West Riding of Yorkshire (CCC).

Wt. - Warrant.

wt. - weight.

WYK - West Yorkshire (CCC).

- X -

Xian - Christian.

Xing - crossing.

XL - extra large.

Xmas - Christmas.

Xpr - Christopher.

- Y -

y. - [1] young; [2] years.

Y. - Yeomanry.

Y.& L.R. - The York and Lancaster Regiment.

Y.H. - The Yorkshire Hussars (Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own).

Y.H.A. - Youth Hostels Association.

Y.M.C.A. - Young Men’s Christian Association.

Y.N.B.R. - York Newcastle & Berwick Railway.

Y.N.M.R - York & North Midland Railway Company.

Y.W.C.A. - Young Women’s Christian Association.

yd - yard

YKS - Yorkshire (CCC).

Yorks - Yorkshire.

yr. - year.

Yrs. - Years.

- Z -

Zeph. - Zephaniah (O.T.).