There are three types of penalty to be applied in the cases in the table in Article t.120. They are cumulative and they are valid for the bout with the exception of exclusion, which is indicated by a Black Card.

Certain offences can result in the annulment of the hit scored by the fencer at fault.

During the bout, only hits scored in circumstances connected with the offences may be annulled (cf. t120 Offences and Penalties).

The penalties are as follows:

• a warning, indicated by a Yellow Card with which the Referee identifies the fencer at fault. The fencer then knows that any further offence on his part will result in a penalty hit.

• a penalty hit, demonstrated by a Red Card with which the Referee identifies the fencer at fault. A hit is added to his score of his opponent and may, if the last hit is at stake, lead to the loss of the bout. Furthermore a Red Card can only be followed by another Red Card or by a Black Card, depending on the nature of the second offence (cf. t.120).

• exclusion from the competition or the whole tournament as applicable (for a fencer), or expulsion from the competition venue (any person disturbing the order of the competition), demonstrated by a Black Card by which the Referee identifies the fencer or person at fault.

All warnings (Yellow Cards), penalty hits (Red Cards) and exclusions (Black Cards) must be noted on the score sheet of the bout, the pool or match, together with the group to which they belong.