|
Air
planners often
find themselves wanting - but not receiving - quick and accurate
answers to certain important questions. This is true of those who:
|
1
|
|
have
to decide the types and numbers of aircraft to be procured,
the number of crews to be established, whether for a squadron
or an entire air fleet; |
|
2
|
|
have
to plan and task air operations on whatever scale and for whatever
role, and whether for aircraft or helicopters operating from
airfields or ships at sea; |
|
3
|
|
need
to confirm that planned mission packages can be achieved by
the number of aircraft and crews available, or who need to optimise
the mission definitions and deployment of aircraft and crews
to achieve the greatest operational benefit. |
|
4
|
|
need
to know the true mission capability afforded by particular aircraft
or fleets, or who need to define future requirements or understand
the relationship between aircraft performance, crew capability
and mission demands, to determine the most cost effective performance
and characteristics & compare these with other aircraft. |
(please
scroll down to read this page)
More
detailed questions, following from those above, daily
facing Commanders and planners in the course of
air operations, will vary depending upon their
function, the level of command and the scenario. The number of possible
questions is virtually limitless. However, it is useful to consider
some examples such as those you will see
if
you scroll down to the lower half of this page.
Without AIRPLAN on your desktop computer,
it is unlikely that you will be able to answer any of the questions
listed below, quickly, confidently and accurately.
By
using AIRPLAN,
however, you could answer them all
- and many others. Indeed, you would be able to calculate answers
in little longer than it would take you to digest the questions
and enter the crew, aircraft and mission data into the AIRPLAN program.
Since it is probable that you would already have entered most or
all of the crew and aircraft data into the program's database, the
entry of the appropriate mission data would not take long. Even
in cases where calculations required input data to be varied until
the optimum result was obtained, this process could begin as soon
as the last input value had been entered. You would simply observe
resultant changes to output values until:
- the number
of aircraft, crews and calculated data satisfied the mission requirements
exactly or as nearly as possible, or
- the mission
plan had been adjusted and optimised to match the capability of
the available aircraft and crews in the most efficient manner
possible.
Below, is a
sample list of questions typical of those that Air Planners
and Aircraft Manufacturers often face but are seldom able to answer
quickly and accurately:
(Note: If you
would prefer to gain an overall view of AIRPLAN before reading all
28 sample questions, we suggest you now read just the first 4 or
5, then Select Web page: 2. Missions. returning to the Key Questions page after you have
seen the remainder of the AIRPLAN Web Site)
|
1
|
|
How
many VP / LRMP patrols to these 3 different radii could we
mount for 14 days with the crews and aircraft at our disposal?
What difference would it make if the patrols at 650 miles
radius were for only 14 hours a day instead of twenty-four?
If we're short of crews or aircraft, what advantage would
there be in deploying some of our forces to Base C, and what
is the minimum number of aircraft and crews we should deploy?
|
|
2
|
|
How
many (Eurofighters / F16s / F22s / F18s) air defence aircraft
and how many crews are required to provide six continuous
combat air patrols (CAP) at these locations for 14 days assuming
the overall flying rate is reduced by 50% for the subsequent
14 days? How many (KC10 / KC135 / VC10K4 / Airbus A310) tankers
and crews operating from Base 'T' will ideally be needed to
support them? How many sorties, flight hours and approximately
how much fuel will these operations consume?
|
|
3
|
|
Do
we have enough aircraft and crews to sustain this multi-mission
air campaign for 6 days? If we do, what additional missions
could we task using any assets that are surplus? Quickly produce
flight schedules based on the 6-day plan or a modified one
(including crew briefing times, takeoff times, ToTs and estimated
landing times)? Assume the operation starts tomorrow at 0600Zulu.
|
|
4
|
|
Naval
Task Group TG123 requires maximum air cover for the next 72
hours using fixed and rotary wing aircraft from the Carrier,
and helicopters from the other ships in the TG. Taking into
account their availability, can the TG's helicopter force
provide two continuous ASW patrols at 25 miles radius from
the force, an AEW patrol at 50 miles, and can their fixed
wing air defence aircraft support a continuous 2-unit CAP
at 100 miles radius with the available aircraft and crews?
Do they have enough crews to make full use of all available
aircraft? Do we require additional land-based air support?
If so, what additional help could we provide using known uncommitted
land-based air assets within range of the TG during this period?
|
|
5
|
|
Is
the present crew establishment and strength of each of our
squadrons adequate and optimum? If not, what crew-to-aircraft
ratios should we aim to establish, and what is the justification?
Would this increase our air force's sustainable sortie capability?
If so, by what percentage? Could we adjust the number of established
aircraft, retain the same number of crews, maintain the maximum
sortie rate per day and reduce fleet life cycle costs? Also,
what would we have to do to increase our present sortie generation
potential without increasing the overall Fleet Life Cycle
Costs over the next ten years?
|
|
6
|
|
We
need, if possible, to mount multiple missions for the next
six days to these four locations. How many separate missions
could we mount assuming 4 aircraft in each wave? Could we
mount these missions at irregular intervals not less than
two hours between each? What is the minimum number of aircraft
and crews this would require assuming we have to fly at approximately
the same daily rate for the next 28 days?
|
|
7
|
|
We
need to be able to perform these concurrent patrol missions
from one or other of these two bases to fulfil our primary
objectives. What is the minimum number of aircraft and crews
we require to carry out these missions for the stipulated
period, at maximum intensive rates? We should assume that
after 14 days the missions will change and the overall flying
rate will reduce by 50%. Will present crew or aircraft availability
limit us in any way? If there are shortages, what mission
solutions do you propose that would be achievable and make
efficient use of available aircraft and crews?
|
|
8
|
|
If
we increase the planned time spent by each aircraft and crew
at its patrol radius or in the target area by 'x' minutes,
and/or we reduce the radius of action by 'y' miles by forward
basing, what effect is this going to have on the number of
aircraft and crews required, and fleet productivity? If we
were to request our Allies to fly every alternate mission
and they remain on task for 6 hours, how will this improve
our overall air presence in the operational area? If they
fly from Base 'K', how many aircraft will they require?
|
|
9
|
|
If
we were to redeploy some or all of our aircraft from airbase
'A' to one or more of the airbases at 'B' and 'C', or if we
were to move Carrier Task Group 123 from its present position
to this general area, how many more missions would it be possible
to mount and sustain for 7 days?
|
|
10
|
|
The
battle situation has changed completely in the last few hours
and it would clearly be wrong to continue with our present
mission plans. How can we quickly rearrange our plan to make
maximum use of available air assets to combat the new threats
that have developed? How many reinforcement crews and aircraft,
if any, shall we need? If we continue to lose aircraft and
crews at the present rate, what might be our strength in four
days time? What missions would we then be able to fly with
these reduced numbers?
|
|
11
|
|
If
we can call on air refuelling tankers to support some or all
of these planned missions, which CAPs should definitely be
given AAR support and what numerical advantage would that
provide? Where should we base the tankers, where should the
towlines be, and how many tankers and crews will we then need
to support planned operations, adequately?
|
|
12
|
|
Since
we know that these high priority missions and these scenarios
for our various roles (air defence, maritime patrol, reconnaissance,
etc.) are typical of those required to meet our defined national
defence commitments, how many aircraft of each type should
we procure or retain in the force, and how many crews should
we establish to have a high degree of assurance that we will
be able to fulfil these missions at the required rates for
at least 28 days taking into account the predicted attrition
rates? In which roles and missions could we consider tasking
crews to fly two consecutive sorties, back-to-back, between
each rest period. What benefit would this have, if any?
|
|
13
|
|
These
are the numbers of combat ready aircraft and crews that the
detachment/squadron commanders report will be available, daily,
for the next three days. Naval forces patrolling in this area
require maximum AD cover, and Ground Forces have stated a
need for maximum support from the air in this area. What are
the maximum rates of air defence and offensive support effort
our squadrons/detachments can contribute during this period
assuming we provide two 24 Hours/day CAPs to naval forces,
and that OS missions in support of the ground forces are concentrated
in this general area? What mission plan could we be reasonably
confident of fulfilling with the available forces?
|
|
14
|
|
How
can we find out what operational advantage there would be
if we were to increase the range performance/average availability/cruise
speed etc. of this aircraft type by 10%, or alternatively
by 15%? How would it affect the number of aircraft and crews
required to meet the stated mission requirements? What would
the effect be upon fleet productivity and fleet life cycle
costs?
|
|
15
|
|
Quickly
draw up sortie schedules, showing all the relevant dates and
times, to check that the timings are satisfactory, and also
to co-ordinate these missions with others? How many crews
will be required to cover each patrol or target complex? Quantify
the benefit if some or all were flown as back-to-back missions?
|
|
16
|
|
If
we have to airlift 14,000 tonnes to destination 'X', and meet
our existing daily airlift commitments to destinations 'P'
and 'Q', what are the maximum sortie rates and optimum sortie
intervals that could be maintained by the aircraft and crews
we have at our disposal? How many slip crews will be required?
How many crews and aircraft would be needed in order to have
delivered the last load within 'T' days assuming aircraft
average 13 tonnes per sortie? By what date and time will we
have delivered 10,000 tons at 'X' if the airlift starts at
0600Z on 3 March?
|
|
17
|
|
On
the airlift in Question 16, how long will it take to deploy
'Y' tonnes of cargo to point 'X' assuming the average payload
to per sortie is 23 tonnes and the average transit speed is
increased from 325 knots, to 410 knots? Assuming the first
sortie takes off at 0600Z on 3 March, how many tonnes will
we have delivered by midnight on 14th March and when will
the last load be delivered?
|
|
18
|
|
If
we adjust crew establishments to make more efficient use of
available aircraft, how many hours a month would aircraft
have to fly to provide crews with the required minimum number
of live continuation training flying hours, and how many flight
simulators and crew trainers would we then require? We should
assume that simulators will be available to crews 12 hours
a day, 6 days a week.
|
|
19
|
|
How
many waves of 8 ground attack missions to these three targets,
with a minimum interval of one-hour between each wave for
a total 6 consecutive days, could we mount with the aircraft
and crews at our disposal? If there is a 1.5% probability
of attrition per sortie, statistically how many aircraft and
crews might we expect to lose over 6 days, how many sorties
might not be completed successfully, and what options would
we have to modify the mission plan to maximise our effort
with remaining resources? What would be the effect if attrition
was 3.5%?
|
|
20
|
|
Will
the present mission plan result in crews being over-tasked?
If the plan is too ambitious and we are unable to obtain sufficient
crew reinforcements, how can we best adjust the plan and sortie
schedules to maximise our over-target air effort yet keep
it within the capability of our forces? What crew duty and
crew rest periods will they have for each or these missions?
If we reduce the normal rest time from 12 hours to 10 or even
8 hours, what increase in sortie generation capability would
this bring about?
|
|
21
|
|
How
many air defence fighters and crews will we need to deploy
to Base 'X' to mount continuous Combat Air Patrols in these
2 locations for 7 days? We should assume that for the following
21 days they'll be operating at 50% maximum effort? If we
position AEW aircraft in these two locations, how many AEW
aircraft and crews will we have to commit to the operation?
What fuel stocks or daily replenishment rates will be required?
|
|
22
|
|
If
we implement this multiple mission plan for the next five
days, how many aircraft, on average, will be on turnaround
or not in use at base (or on board ship) during the operation?
|
|
23
|
|
How
many tankers and tanker crews will it require to support three
towlines at a radius of 450 miles if the tankers have to provide
this level of support for 14 days before reducing the number
of towlines to one for the subsequent 14 days? Make some reasonable
assumptions about the sortie durations that might occur and
show the range of possible answers.
|
|
24
|
|
Assuming
we employ these aircraft as planned, approximately how much
fuel will we need at each airbase over the course of the operation
to satisfy our sortie requirements? If this reveals a shortfall
in fuel, what options could we consider to optimise our missions
while keeping fuel consumption within available stock levels?
When is fuel likely to run out if we do nothing to reduce
consumption and are unable to increase stocks?
|
|
25
|
|
Given
that nations have committed certain specified numbers of flight
hours to this training exercise, what alternative mission
plans should we consider in order to gain maximum benefit
from this training? We should aim to fully utilise but not
exceed the allotted number of flight hours/sorties.
|
|
26
|
|
If
we buy a new fleet of six type 'A' airlifters for the primary
purpose of airlifting 'X' Force to point 'B', a total of 'T'
tonnes of cargo, how many days will this take if the average
payload mass per sortie is 46 tonnes? What is the minimum
number of crews (including Slip crews) we would need to support
this fleet efficiently? Assume an attrition rate 0.25%, that
one of the aircraft will be on deep maintenance and unrecoverable
in less than 7 days, and that the serviceability rate of the
remaining aircraft is 90%.
|
|
27
|
|
What
if we were to buy forty type 'B' or type 'C' airlifters instead?
If these aircraft average 13 tonnes and 27 tonnes payload,
respectively, how many of each would we need, and how many
crews would be required to meet the required deployment time
scale of 14 days? Which of these three fleets is the most
cost-effective? What effect does the difference in cruise
speed between these three aircraft types have upon the fleet
size and the numbers of crews required?
|
|
28
|
|
If
we have to airdrop 100 one-ton containers a day to resupply
our forces deployed near 'Q', and we sustain a sortie attrition
rate of between 0.5% and 2% what losses might we expect after
6 days? How could this affect our ability to continue with our
other missions. Would there be any advantage in using Type A,
B or C airlifters. |
Whether
working as
a Staff Officer within a Ministry of Defence or a Defense Department,
or in a Squadron or Base Operations Room or a larger Air Operations
Command Centre, or serving on an Aircraft Carrier or a helicopter-carrying
warship, it would almost certainly be impossible to calculate accurate
answers to the above questions, quickly. Without this information,
the accuracy and effectiveness of air campaign and fleet planning
will be impaired. On the other hand, with AIRPLAN on your Desktop
or Laptop computer, you will be able to calculate accurate answers
within minutes.
Please
now Select 2.
Missions to
find out about the types of missions AIRPLAN covers. Other pages
you should then look at are on the menu, below.
e-mail
Airplan Software: airplan@military-airplanner.com
|