What equipment do I need?

Although most of this information is available elsewhere in the site, it seems appropriate to draw it all together on one page. I will try to keep this page updated but makes and models of Sky digiboxes in particular change on a frequent basis.

Television
Yes OK, I know this is an obvious item, but you need to be aware of a serious issue about getting a TV for using in a caravan whether for satellite or terrestrial. LCD flatscreen televisions are becoming gradually cheaper and that, combined with their light weight and compact size, makes them ideal for use in a caravan. They also often run from a 12v supply which might make them even more tempting, and that's where the problem comes in. Many LCD televisions operate at 12v through a supplied mains adapter and it is therefore tempting to assume that they will operate directly from the caravan's own 12v supply. Unfortunately it's not the case - the supply from a battery isn't regulated and could damage the TV's electronic circuitry. Therefore you'll almost certainly find your warranty will be void if you go ahead and try. One option is to get a 12v stabiliser. These smooth out the voltage to a controlled 12v suitable for most LCD televisions on the market. Details are at www.amperor.co.uk. Alternatively, there are a few dual-voltage TVs around (not LCDs) so if you need one to run off the battery you should look for one of those.

Digital receivers
To most people in Britain, satellite TV is synonymous with Sky, and there is no doubt that Sky provides a user-friendly route into the technology. It is also true that if you want to watch any encrypted UK channels, you have no option but to go for a Sky receiver and a Sky viewing card - no other type of receiver will work. You can buy a Sky digibox privately, either new or second hand, without having to take out a Sky subscription. There is one, the Pace 1000 'Javelin' Minibox, which is dual voltage and runs from either a mains or a 12V DC supply. It's not been made for some years but can still be found on eBay (where it commands a premium price). But note the comments in the next paragraph about the use of a battery to run your equipment.

Apart from Sky digiboxes, there are other types of digital receiver available but with the exception of Freesat I have no experience of them and can therefore offer only minimal help and support. They're widely available from the likes of Maplins and most caravan accessory outlets, and even B&Q stocks them. Some are available that will run from a 12V supply but if you choose one of these, do note that the above comments about LCD TVs apply equally to satellite receivers. Unless the product details specifically say that a 12V battery can be used to power it, don't do it. Even if the manufacturer says it's OK to use a battery when it's not being charged, putting it on charge will raise the voltage to 13.6V (over 14V if it's being charged from the vehicle's alternator) and the receiver will almost certainly be damaged. This is most likely to happen with a motorhome because in a trailer caravan, satellite equipment will probably be unplugged and stowed away before departure.

From May 2008, there is also a range of Freesat receivers on the market. Freesat is an alternative platform to Sky and is run by a BBC/ITV joint venture. The receivers range from a simple set-top box at £50 to an HD twin-tuner recorder at £300. At the time of writing, some branches of Comet and Currys are insisting that Freesat boxes can only be sold if you also buy an installation package. This is emphatically not true and is against Freesat's own guidelines. It is also against Currys company policy (not sure about Comet), so stand your ground and if necessary walk out of the store.

There are even free-to-air receivers that will connect to your laptop's USB port and thus save you the trouble of carrying a television around with you. They are roughly the size of an A5 sheet of paper (a bit thicker though!). Pinnacle and Hauppauge are the best known names. Make sure you buy one that receives satellite signals, some are designed for terrestrial only.

Non-Sky receivers (except for Freesat) are really outside the scope of this website (though there is now a page on the subject) but you'll find more information in the various satellite TV magazines on the newsstands, or on the various manufacturers' websites (which you'll get by using Google). However, in the light of a number of recent emails, I should add a clear word of warning for people contemplating buying a German motorhome with pre-installed satellite equipment. That equipment will certainly not be Sky-compatible and in some cases it won't even be digital. It is a decade now since any UK analogue satellite signals were transmitted, but European analogue transmissions continued till much later (indeed there are still some operating today). Therefore, do not buy a European motorhome purely on the strength of it having satellite equipment. Check with the vendor that the equipment will work for English-language transmissions.

Dishes
Any modern dish will work - there is no need to buy a specific type for Sky, though the standard domestic oval dish is probably the cheapest. It comes in 2 sizes - Zone 1 (43cm) for use in England and Wales, and Zone 2 (60cm) for Scotland and parts of Ireland. By shopping around, you should be able to pick up a Zone 1 dish for around £20-25, or £5 extra for the larger one. Note, for carrying purposes, that the size of these dishes is measured vertically - the horizontal measurement is greater (roughly 52cm for Zone 1, 72cm for Zone 2). And because they're not designed to be carried, they also don't fold down. Cheaper still are the occasional offers provided by the Lidl supermarket chain. They occasionally have 80cm dishes for under £20 but inevitably they tend to fly off the shelves. The Lidl website, www.lidl.co.uk, will give you a few days notice of the arrival of special deals.

You can buy dishes which are designed specifically for touring, and which fold neatly for storing during the journey, but these are much more expensive, typically around £100-130. Slightly more expensive than that is something called the Sqish. It's square, or at least rectangular, and will I'm told fit in small places for travelling. More details at www.sqish.co.uk. It would certainly be a talking point on site.

The next ones up are the semi- and fully automatic types which are usually roof-mounted. Semi-automatic dishes raise themselves to the correct elevation leaving you to swing them laterally to find the satellite. They typically cost around £350 plus fitting. Fully-automatic dishes seek out the satellite system for you and, on a motorhome at least, even fold themselves down again if you forget to do so before starting the engine. Expect to pay at least £1200 plus fitting. However, remember they have to be fitted to the roof of the vehicle and therefore they aren't as flexible as a free-standing tripod if you need to work around nearby trees. Also please note I can't offer any kind of advice on the use of self-seeking dishes. I've never used one and wouldn't know where to start. I get regular emails from people who have purchased Kathrein or Oyster dishes and can't get them to work properly. My only advice is you approach your supplier or the manufacturer's website (www.kathrein.de for Kathrein, www.ten-haaft.de for Oyster).

Whichever type of dish you opt for, other than a Sky oval, you might find that you can buy it cheaper on the continent. All the French hypermarkets for example sell manual dishes at very low prices, and you'll probably be able to get self-seeking Oyster dishes cheaper in Germany than in the UK (see my Links page).

Some dishes are supplied without LNBs which means you get to choose a better quality one if you wish. I've had good reports of the Invacom 0.3db LNB for use in marginal signal areas, and also of the Manhattan MTI 0.6dB LNB.

Now to what size of dish to go for. If you want to stick with a domestic oval, I recommend that you go for a Zone 2 dish. Not only will it give you good reception throughout the British Isles, it will also work in many parts of Europe as well. The BBC and ITV signals deteriorate rapidly as you travel away from the UK but a Zone 2 dish will work in virtually the whole of France and the Low Countries, and in areas of Spain, Italy, Switzerland and Germany which immediately border them.

If you choose to go for a different dish type, you are only limited in size by the capability of your vehicle to carry it. Some caravan dishes are as small as 30cm diameter and are really only suitable for England and Wales. I think they're a waste of money and you'd be better off going for at least a 50cm circular dish. Even then, you'll be limited on the continent to the Low Countries and only some of France (say as far south as the Dordogne). For most people, the maximum size one can carry would be around 85-90cms which still won't pull in the BBC and ITV south of say Barcelona.

Dish support
When it comes to mounting the dish, you pays your money and you takes your choice. Proper tripods, built for the purpose, will set you back around £40-50, homemade ones maybe a fiver. Or clamp the dish to your jockey wheel. I don't propose to spend any more time on this subject - if you're DIY-minded, you'll be able to rig up your own gadget. If not, you can buy a tripod from most caravan dealers. Semi- or fully-automatic dishes of course will have to be mounted permanently on the caravan roof, and installation is normally a professional job. It will cost around £150-200.

Cable and connectors
The cable used to connect the dish to the receiver has to be special satellite-quality. Ordinary co-ax isn't sufficiently screened against rogue interference. The usual rating is WF100. Cable suitable for satellite use is widely available nowadays from the likes of B&Q who sell it in 5m, 25m (and I think 100m) lengths. You'll also need a connector for each end of the cable. These are known as "F" connectors (and no, I have no idea why!) and are simply screwed on to the cable end, cutting their own thread into the outer plastic covering. B&Q conveniently sell them in packs of 2 for about a £. Instructions for assembling the connectors are here.

Viewing card
If you want to watch any encrypted UK channels with a Sky box, you will need an active viewing card. If you choose not to have a Sky contract you can purchase a non-subscription card from Sky for £20 (currently £19.57 because of the temporary VAT reduction) by phoning 0870 240 5651. It will provide access to Sky Three, Fiver and Five USA, and also give you your local region of BBC1 and ITV1. Further information is available on the website www.freesatfromsky.co.uk.

Signal meter
At one time I was not a great fan of signal meters (or satellite finders as the suppliers would prefer you to call them). They tended to be overpriced and not very effective, especially as so often happened the instructions for use were inadequate. However, prices have dropped quite dramatically in the last few years, to the extent that a number of companies are now selling an SLX meter for just £10 (see my Links page). At that price level, it simply isn't worth trying to do without and I would recommend that you buy one. It's certainly preferable to going away and then finding you can't get a signal. (But do read my page on how to use it, most meters come with disgracefully inadequate instructions.)

DVD or video recorder
The capability of recording a programme off your satellite receiver might not be crucial in the UK, but abroad you might find that the 1-hour time shift means a programme you'd normally watch at home is now on too late. For that reason, we generally take a DVD recorder with us. It's light and DVDs are much less bulky than video tapes. However, I must warn you of one danger, based on personal experience. Do not pack the recorder away with a disk still inside. I did that and then discovered the disk had slipped off its tray and lodged somewhere deep in the box's innards! I had to dismantle the box to get it out again.

Suppliers
There are a number of suppliers listed on my Links page. They are there for informational purposes only, and do not carry any implied endorsement by me. Alternatively, look in the ads in any of the various satellite TV magazines on sale.

Slingbox (www.slingbox.com)
This isn't really a caravan option but I get a number of queries about it, so I thought I'd include a bit about it. It's a gadget that allows your satellite receiver at home to send a TV signal to a computer or laptop anywhere in the world. You need a broadband connection both at home and at your present location (say a holiday home or a hotel) and the Slingbox sits between your satellite receiver and your broadband router. Software on your computer then allows you to log on via the internet and control your receiver remotely. So for example, you can view a live transmission or play back a Sky+ recording from home and watch it on your computer monitor. The equipment automatically compensates for the broadband connection and adjusts the picture quality accordingly.

The main drawback to its use is the need to keep your modem/router connected while you're away. Similarly the Sky+ box of course, but most people will choose to keep that live anyway in order to record series-linked programmes.

Theoretically it's possible to use the link in a caravan using a mobile phone broadband link, but it would be prohibitively expensive, especially outside the UK. Most operators have a download limit on their broadband contracts, with swingeing penalty payments for exceeding them, and a Slingbox connection would blow that limit out of the water.

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