SKELTON - IN - CLEVELAND
IN HISTORY


1301 ~ 1342


1301 - The Yorkshire Lay Subsidy shows Skelton as having:-

'a merchant, a fuller, a weaver, a potter, a tanner, a baker, a smith, a butcher, 2 carpenters and 3 carriers [pannierman, wainman and a carter].'

82 taxpayers in Skelton and surrounding hamlets paid £8 14s 4d. This compares with Guisborough, 85 taxpayers, Whitby 96, Marske and Redcar 89, Yarm 72. The total population of Skelton, if it is allowed for poorer, labouring people who did not pay tax, was probably around 400. Population was only around 700 in the early 1800s.


Robert Bruce of Scotland
1304 - Death of Walter de Fauconberg of Skelton Castle. He was succeeded by his son, also called Walter, who was married to Isabel, daughter of Robert, Lord Ros of Helmsley.

There is a mention of 12 tenants in Stanghow, called 'gresmen' who held 10 'oxgangs' of land.

1306 - Robert de Bruce murdered his rival John Comyn and was crowned king of Scotland.
Thus the descendent of the first Robert de Brus of Skelton started the royal line of Scotland and [after the accession James I united the two kingdoms in 1603] of England.

In the words of J Walker Ord in his "History and Antiquities of Cleveland" -

"This small obscure and insignificant village will for ever stand renowned, not only in the history of Cleveland, but in that of the empire of the world, as the birthplace of a lofty and illustrious line of nobles, and the ancient cradle and nursery of warriors, princes, and kings.
From this little nook of Cleveland, sprang mighty monarchs, queens, high chancellors, archbishops, earls, barons, ambassadors, and knights; and, above all, one brilliant and immortal name, Robert Bruce, the great Scottish patriot, who, when liberty lay vanquished and prostrate in the dust, and the genius of national freedom had fled shivering from her native hills, bravely stood forth its latest and noblest champion, and, in defiance of England's noblest chivalry, achieved for Scotland a glorious independence, and for himself imperishable fame."

1307 - Robert de Bruce was a fugitive in the West of Scotland.
Death of Edward I and accession of Edward II.

1310 - Robert de Bruce ravaged Northumberland as far as the Tyne.


Edward II, from his effigy.
1312 - Edward II was at odds with his own barons. The Scots sacked Durham and Hartlepool and plundered as far South as Skipton. Skelton Castle was damaged.

1314 - Robert de Bruce defeated Edward II at Bannockburn.
Britain suffered severe famine during this period.

1318 - Death of Walter de Fauconberg II of Skelton Castle. He was succeeded by his son John. John was married to Eva, daughter of William de Bulmer.
Perquisites from the Lord's court in Skelton amounted to 6 shillings and eightpence.

1319 - John de Fauconberg had a grant of a weekly market on a Saturday and a fair on a Whit Monday and the following two days. Tolls from the fair in Skelton were 13 shillings and 4 pence.

1320 - Around this time an Act of Parliament ordered the cessation of markets on Sundays to prevent any profanity of the Lord's day and it was changed to Saturday. At the same time a licence for a yearly fair on the Monday in Whitsuntide was granted.

1325 - A new church was built on the site by the Castle where the Anglo Saxon one stood. A piece of stone now kept in All Saints Church in the High Street is thought to have come from a sun dial that decorated the Anglo Saxon building.

1327 - Civil war in England. Edward II was deposed and accession of Edward III.
The priests at Skelton All Saints' Church were John of Malton followed by John of Driffield.

1330 - Much of the castle was rebuilt. It is likely that it had suffered from attacks of the Scots on this area.

1334 - Skelton is assessed for the Subsidy at £2, compared with Yarm £9, Guisborough £4 and Stokesley £1 : 4s, indicating a not very wealthy group of tradesmen, craftsmen and villeins.

1335 - There is a record in this year of John de Fauconberg granting some land to Guisborough Priory, but retaining -
"the boon works and other customs owed by those who hold burgages and cottages in Skelton and Marske"

1339 - Repairs were made to Skelton castle.

1342 - The Archbishop of Canterbury ruled that all having property in a parish should pay towards the maintenance of the local church furnishings and its fabric, according to their possessions and revenues.
A great drought occurred in this year.

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